Test connectivity for the web service

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find the problem occurred: (1) local service at the server (localhost) (2) from LAN to server (3) from WAN to server

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How to connect to the web service

If the service is the web server:

  • (1) Open the browser, (2) Type the address: http://127.0.0.1 or http://the.domain
  • Linux lynx command:
    1. (optional if lynx was not installed) yum install lynx for CentOS / sudo apt-get install lynx for Ubuntu[1]
    2. lynx http://127.0.0.1 [2] for Linux Os linux.png
  • telnet command
    1. telnet 127.0.0.1 <PORT> e.g. telnet 127.0.0.1 80 or telnet the.domain 80
    2. (after telnet-ed the web 80 port, key in) get + SPACE[3]
  • curl[4]: curl -vL http://IP:Port
    • (optional if curl command was not installed) Learn how to install & run cURL on Windows/MacOSX/Linux | Ubidots Help Center
    • commands e.g.
      • (1) Write output to <file> instead of stdout using curl -voL https://www.google.com
      • (2) Write output to stdout using curl -vL https://www.google.com or curl -voL /dev/null https://www.google.com
      • (3) Write output to <file> with the remote file name using curl -vOL https://www.google.com/index.html
    • If failed. It will show the message: "failed: Connection refused"
  • Linux wget software e.g. wget https://www.google.com
  • use the third-party website monitoring the services: Web Ping

If the service is not the web server, use telnet instead

  1. (optional) Install Telnet Client | Microsoft Docs on Win Os windows.png . Bring telnet back on macOS high Sierra – Ayuth Mangmesap (blackSource) – Medium on macOS icon_os_mac.png
  2. telnet 127.0.0.1 <PORT> If failed to connect the web service. It will show the message: "telnet: Unable to connect to remote host: Connection refused"

Using alternative web services if the Python was installed

  • (for python 2.x) python -m SimpleHTTPServer <port>[5]
  • (for python 3.x) python -m http.server <port>[6]

Test connectivity for the local web service

WAN ○ -------> ○ LAN -------> ● server

  If you has administrative permission to log into the server via SSH or Remote desktop service.

Check if your computer/server Is being assigned the IP Address

  • Linux   : (1) Check the IP Address. ifconfig. (2) Re-assign the IP Address and restart the networking service. service network restart for CentOS[7]
  • Win   : Check the IP Address. ifconfig/all
  • More on Network problem

Check if web service has started successfully?

  • Apache /etc/init.d/httpd status on CentOS7 [8]
  • nginx sudo service nginx status on CentOS7
  • Docker container docker ps to check if the container is running & expose the port[9]

Check if MySQL has started successfully?

Using lsof command

  • lsof -i:3306 on macOS icon_os_mac.png or Linux  

The command lsof -i:3306 is used in Unix-like operating systems to list open files and the processes that opened them. Let's break down the command:

lsof: This stands for "List Open Files". It's a command-line utility that displays information about files opened by processes. In Unix and Linux, everything is treated as a file (including hardware devices, sockets, and directories), so lsof is a powerful tool for system administrators to monitor and troubleshoot system behavior.

-i: This option tells lsof to show only network files. In Unix and Linux, network connections are treated as files. The -i option can be used to filter connections based on the Internet address or network protocol.

3306: This specifies the port number. Port 3306 is commonly used by MySQL, a popular database management system. By including :3306, you are asking lsof to list all network files (which includes socket connections) that are associated with port 3306.

Example output: localhost:mysql (LISTEN) means the MySQL has started successfully 

COMMAND     PID      USER   FD   TYPE             DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME
mysqld    93034 account   29u  IPv4 0xxxx      0t0  TCP localhost:mysql (LISTEN)

Using ps command

  • ps aux | grep mysql on macOS icon_os_mac.png

Example output if MySQL has started successfully: 

_mysql           11083   0.3  0.2 409657280  31424   ??  Ss    2:12下午   0:01.07 /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --user=_mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data --plugin-dir=/usr/local/mysql/lib/plugin --log-error=/usr/local/mysql/data/mysqld.local.err --pid-file=/usr/local/mysql/data/mysqld.local.pid --keyring-file-data=/usr/local/mysql/keyring/keyring --early-plugin-load=keyring_file=keyring_file.so
ACCOUNT        12349   0.0  0.0 408645328   1648 s011  S+    2:14下午   0:00.00 grep mysql

Example output if MySQL has NOT started successfully: 

ACCOUNT        12349   0.0  0.0 408645328   1648 s011  S+    2:14下午   0:00.00 grep mysql

Check if a port was occupied by other process?

Check the port if used by other protocol

Find process running on port

  • Linux  
    • nmap "Network exploration tool and security / port scanner." e.g. nmap -p 80,443 ip
    • ss "utility to investigate sockets" e.g. ss -tnlp | grep 80 or using OR operator[10] ss -tnlp | grep '80\|443'
    • ps List the current processes. Input ps -aux | grep "PORT_NUMBER" e.g. ps -aux | grep 443
    • netstat Command netstat -tulpn | grep LISTEN e.g.
    • docker port | Docker Documentation

Example output of netstat command 

$ netstat -tulpn | grep LISTEN

tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:80              0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      - 

// means the 80 port service is running
  • Win  
    • Using the software CurrPorts to check the process and port. e.g. Apache will not running if the 80 port was occupied by skype[11].

Check if a port is blocked by browser

Check if a port is blocked by browser[12]


Is the port opened for external users?

Check the OS firewall or protected by antivirus software

    • Linux  
      • iptables: (1) iptables -L to list all rules[13] (2) rule with smaller line-number will override the rule with larger line-number[14]
      • FirewallD rules: (1) sudo firewall-cmd --get-default-zone return 'public' (2) sudo firewall-cmd --list-all --zone=public[15] (3) Allow port with FirewallD
      • SELinux Policy Management: (1) After installed policycoreutils-python[16], input semanage port -l to list open ports. (2) Allow port with semanage.
    • Win   Windows Firewall with Advanced Security -> configure firewall rules
    • protected by antivirus software?
  • connect to localhost ex: telnet 127.0.0.1 23 where 23 is the port number where the service running
  • double check the server/service logs

Test connectivity from LAN to the server

WAN ○ -------> ● LAN -------> ● server

Testing on LAN (local network, subnet scope): The different servers between LAN or with the same ip class (ex: 1.2.3.*) and may not have the firewall limit. Private network / Private IP address

  • Is the service alive?
  • Connect to the internal IP eg: telnet 172.18.0.1 23 (1) IP start with 172.18... is Private IP Network Numbers (2) where 23 is the port number where the service running
  • If the local service is web server, you can also try to connect the internal IP e.g. lynx http://172.18.0.1 for Linux  
  • Double check the server/service logs
  • Is the internal IP correct?

Test connectivity from WAN to the remote server

WAN ● -------> ● LAN -------> ● server

We met the trouble on WAN (wide area network). If we do no have the administrative permission, the tests we can do as follows:

other issue:

Tools

  1. Good.gif CurrPorts: Monitoring TCP/IP network connections on Windows
  2. PFPortCheck Program: check TCP/UDP port from localhost(where you installed the program) to portforward.com
  3. TCPView for Windows
  4. Check server: Check host - online website monitoring, Check IP "checks the possibility of a TCP connection to host's specified port from different locations around the world." quoted from website. [Last visited: 2015-08-02]

Related articles

References

  1. ↑ Install and Use Lynx Browser on Ubuntu
  2. ↑ Lynx Users Guide v2.8.7
  3. ↑ HTTP Check Port 80 with the Telnet Command
  4. ↑ curl - How To Use
  5. ↑ 20.19. SimpleHTTPServer — Simple HTTP request handler — Python 2.7.17 documentation
  6. ↑ http.server — HTTP servers — Python 3.8.1 documentation
  7. ↑ How to restart the networking service? - Ask Ubuntu
  8. ↑ How to check running status of LAMP stack | E2E Networks Knowledgebase
  9. ↑ docker ps | Docker Documentation
  10. ↑ 7 Linux Grep OR, Grep AND, Grep NOT Operator Examples
  11. ↑ How to solve WAMP and Skype conflict on Windows 7? - Stack Overflow
  12. ↑ 開發與部署網站時需注意不要使用到 ERR_UNSAFE_PORT 不安全的埠號 | The Will Will Web
  13. ↑ HowTos/Network/IPTables - CentOS Wiki
  14. ↑ How to edit iptables rules - FedoraProject
  15. ↑ How To Set Up a Firewall Using FirewallD on CentOS 7 | DigitalOcean
  16. ↑ semanage command not found on CentOS 7 and RHEL 7
  17. ↑ networking - Command for determining my public IP? - Ask Ubuntu


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