Troubleshooting of Sonar issue

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How to resolve "Define and throw a dedicated exception instead of using a generic one"

Error condition which met "Define and throw a dedicated exception instead of using a generic one" ^[1]

if(is_null($some_variable)){
            $error = 'The variable $some_variable is not defined.';
            throw new Exception($error);
        }

Possible solution

if(!is_null($some_variable)){
            $error = 'The variable $some_variable is not defined.';
            throw new InvalidArgumentException($error);
        }

How to resolve "Refactor this function to reduce its Cognitive Complexity from 17 to the 15 allowed."

Possible solution

Created smaller, more specific functions (following Single Responsibility Principle) to handle specific parts of the logic.
Use these functions to make the main function easier to read and understand.