Information Architecture
資訊架構(Information Architecture)
定義
資訊架構 (Information Architecture) 的定義為
- 「架構和組織資訊環境以幫助人們達到其目標的藝術和科學」。(Louis Rosenfeld & Peter Morville, 2002)
- 「幫助人們在現實世界或虛擬網路上，瞭解自己所處的環境，並且找到他們想要的東西。」(Information Architecture Institute, n.d.[1])
Rosenfeld & Morville的解釋
資訊架構又可分成組織系統(organization system)、標示系統(labeling system)、導覽系統(navigation system)、搜尋系統(search system)等四部份。(Rosenfeld & Morville, 2002)
- 組織系統(Organization System)分為組織系統綱要(organization schema)與組織結構(organization structure)兩類。組織系統綱要分成精確型組織綱要、模糊型組織綱要、混合型綱要等三種。精確型組織綱要適合已知款目檢索(known-item searching)的使用者，而模糊型組織綱要則協助尚未明確知道款目的使用者找到資訊。組織結構則分成階層式、超文字、關聯式資料庫模式等類型。(Rosenfeld & Morville, 2002; 謝寶煖、周秉貞，民93)
- 標示系統(Labeling System)目的是有效地溝通訊息，因此不須佔用太多網頁版面，避免使用者過多的認知負擔。標示系統分為導覽系統(Navigation System Choices)、索引詞彙(Index Terms)、連結(Contexual Links)、標題(Headings)、圖形等標示(Rosenfeld & Morville, 2002)
以約會 (Dating) 解釋資訊架構
- 需求分析(Requirement Analysis)
- 競爭分析(Competitive Analysis) - 情敵分析
- 目標對象定義(Audience Definition)
- 使用者腳本(User Scenarios) - 描述使用者可能的想法/行為
- 內容調查(Content Survey) - 檢閱古龍香水、盛裝、禮物、或者合適的音樂是否出現在合適的地方或時機。
- 流程(Process Flows) - 約會節目安排，例如除了安排吵雜的大腳車秀(Monster truck show)，也許「潛在的伙伴」其實想要點浪漫的約會。因此需要事先好好瞭解「使用者腳本」。
- 地圖(Sitemap) - 網站地圖。約會的地圖與可能的路徑。
- 網格圖(Wireframe) - 頁面的骨架-瀏覽系統。比方說抵達電影院，在電影院的選擇好位置讓約會更美好。
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參考資料
相近主題：
- 網頁親和力 (accessibility)
- 易用性 (Usability)
- 可尋性 (Findability)
- 資訊組織 (Knowledge organization, organization of information)
- 產品規格文件 / 不同階段設計文件
Web site design and development process
- Information gathering: Research surveys
- Planning: Before you start to build a website, Content development strategy | Register domain name, Choose web hosting | Information architecture | Data model: Data type, Data flow | Documentation: Request For Proposal | Licensing
- Design: CSS tools, Free fonts, Free photos, Emoji & icons
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