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→‎如何尋找與取代換行符號
 
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換行符號。英文：Return symbol, line terminators, line endings, newline, end of line (EOL), line feed (LF) or line break
如何看到換行符號、如何從文章中取代換行符號 (英文：'''Return symbol''', line terminators, line endings, newline, end of line (EOL), line feed (LF) or line break)。
* On {{Win}}: {{kbd | key=<nowiki>CRLF</nowiki>}} = {{kbd | key=<nowiki>\r\n</nowiki>}}
* On {{Win}}: {{kbd | key=<nowiki>CRLF</nowiki>}} = {{kbd | key=<nowiki>\r\n</nowiki>}}
* On Unix, {{Linux}} & recent versions of {{Mac}}: {{kbd | key=<nowiki>LF</nowiki>}} = {{kbd | key=<nowiki>\n</nowiki>}}
* On Unix, {{Linux}} & recent versions of {{Mac}}: {{kbd | key=<nowiki>LF</nowiki>}} = {{kbd | key=<nowiki>\n</nowiki>}}
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</table>
</table>


== 如何取代換行符號 ==
== 計算換行符號的數量 ==
 
<pre>
## 計算 \n (不包含 \r\n) 換行符號的數量
% perl -ne '$count++ if /[^\r]\n/; END{print "純 LF 數量: $count\n"}' YOUR_FILE.txt
 
## 計算 \r\n 換行符號的數量
% perl -ne '$count++ if /\r\n/; END{print "CRLF 數量: $count\n"}' YOUR_FILE.txt
</pre>
 
== 如何尋找與取代換行符號 ==
 
=== 文字編輯軟體如何取代換行符號 ===
* 支援 [[Regular expression]] 的文字編輯軟體，例: [[Regular expression#將Email清單，轉成Email軟體可以使用的寄信名單 (取代換行符號為逗號) | 將Email清單，轉成Email軟體可以使用的寄信名單 (取代換行符號為逗號)]]
* 支援 [[Regular expression]] 的文字編輯軟體，例: [[Regular expression#將Email清單，轉成Email軟體可以使用的寄信名單 (取代換行符號為逗號) | 將Email清單，轉成Email軟體可以使用的寄信名單 (取代換行符號為逗號)]]
* MySQL: {{kbd | key=<nowiki>SELECT REPLACE(REPLACE(REPLACE(`column`,'\r\n',''),'\n',''),'\r','') </nowiki>}} <ref> [https://stackoverflow.com/questions/13273343/replace-new-line-character-in-mysql-not-working sql - REPLACE new line character in MYSql not working - Stack Overflow] </ref> or {{kbd | key=<nowiki>SELECT TRIM(REPLACE(`column`, '\n','' ))</nowiki>}} <ref>[https://stackoverflow.com/questions/28368785/mysql-trim-both-whitespace-and-newline-characters MySQL: trim *both* whitespace and newline characters - Stack Overflow]</ref>


* Excel: {{kbd | key=<nowiki>=TRIM(SUBSTITUTE(SUBSTITUTE(A1, CHAR(13),""), CHAR(10),", ")</nowiki>}} to replace the return symbol in the cell located at {{kbd | key=A1}} <ref>[https://www.ablebits.com/office-addins-blog/2013/12/03/remove-carriage-returns-excel/ 3 ways to remove carriage returns in Excel: formulas, VBA macro, find&replace dialog] {{access | date = 2018-05-24}}</ref><ref>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ASCII ASCII - Wikipedia]</ref>.
** {{kbd | key=CHAR(10)}} means "Line feed" which equal to {{kbd | key=<nowiki>\n</nowiki>}}
** {{kbd | key=CHAR(13)}} means "Carriage return" which equal to {{kbd | key=<nowiki>\r</nowiki>}}


* Python way: [https://stackoverflow.com/questions/275018/how-can-i-remove-a-trailing-newline-in-python How can I remove a trailing newline in Python? - Stack Overflow] {{access | date = 2019-06-14}}
=== MySQL 如何尋找換行符號 ===
 
<pre>
SELECT content,
      CASE
          WHEN content LIKE CONCAT('%', CHAR(13), CHAR(10), '%') THEN 'CRLF (\\r\\n)'
          WHEN content LIKE CONCAT('%', CHAR(10), '%') THEN 'LF (\\n)'
          WHEN content LIKE CONCAT('%', CHAR(13), '%') THEN 'CR (\\r)'
          ELSE 'No newlines'
      END as newline_type
FROM my_table
WHERE content REGEXP CONCAT('[', CHAR(10), CHAR(13), ']');
</pre>
 
=== MySQL 如何取代換行符號 ===
 
<ref> [https://stackoverflow.com/questions/13273343/replace-new-line-character-in-mysql-not-working sql - REPLACE new line character in MYSql not working - Stack Overflow] </ref><ref>[https://stackoverflow.com/questions/28368785/mysql-trim-both-whitespace-and-newline-characters MySQL: trim *both* whitespace and newline characters - Stack Overflow]</ref>
 
<pre>
UPDATE my_table
SET content = REPLACE(
    REPLACE(
        REPLACE(content, CONCAT(CHAR(13), CHAR(10)), ''),
        CHAR(10), ''
    ),
    CHAR(13), ''
)
WHERE content REGEXP CONCAT('[', CHAR(10), CHAR(13), ']');
 
-- or
 
UPDATE my_table
SET `content` = REPLACE(REPLACE(REPLACE(`my_table`,'\r\n',''),'\n',''),'\r','')
;
 
</pre>
 
=== Excel 或 Google Sheet 如何尋找換行符號 ===
判斷是哪種換行符號：
<pre>
=IF(ISNUMBER(SEARCH(CHAR(13)&CHAR(10), A1)), "CRLF (\r\n)",
  IF(ISNUMBER(SEARCH(CHAR(13), A1)), "CR (\r)",
    IF(ISNUMBER(SEARCH(CHAR(10), A1)), "LF (\n)",
      "無換行符號")))
</pre>
 
=== Excel 或 Google Sheet 如何取代換行符號 ===
For Microsoft Excel or Google Sheet
* {{kbd | key=<nowiki>=CLEAN(A1)</nowiki>}} Use the CLEAN function to "remove the first 32 nonprinting characters in the 7-bit ASCII code (values 0 through 31) from the text"<ref>[https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/office/clean-function-26f3d7c5-475f-4a9c-90e5-4b8ba987ba41 CLEAN function]</ref>. Meanwhile, the return symbol will be removed from the text.
* {{kbd | key=<nowiki>=TRIM(SUBSTITUTE(SUBSTITUTE(A1, CHAR(13),""), CHAR(10),", ")</nowiki>}} replace the return symbols with spaces  in the cell located at {{kbd | key=A1}} <ref>[https://www.ablebits.com/office-addins-blog/2013/12/03/remove-carriage-returns-excel/ 3 ways to remove carriage returns in Excel: formulas, VBA macro, find&replace dialog] {{access | date = 2018-05-24}}</ref><ref>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ASCII ASCII - Wikipedia]</ref>.
 
函數說明
* {{kbd | key=CONCAT(CHAR(13), CHAR(10))}} means "CRLF"({{kbd | key=<nowiki>\r\n</nowiki>}}) Windows 標準換行符號
* {{kbd | key=CHAR(13)}} means "Carriage return"(CR, {{kbd | key=<nowiki>\r</nowiki>}}) 舊版 Mac 換行符號
* {{kbd | key=CHAR(10)}} means "Line feed" (LF, {{kbd | key=<nowiki>\n</nowiki>}}) Unix/Linux 換行符號
 
For Google Sheet
* {{kbd | key=<nowiki>=REGEXREPLACE(A1, "[\r\n]+", " ")</nowiki>}} replaces return symbols with spaces in cell {{kbd | key=A1}} in Google Sheets
 
函數說明
* {{kbd | key=<nowiki>[\r\n]</nowiki>}} 符合任意類型的換行符號
* {{kbd | key=<nowiki>[\r\n]+</nowiki>}} 符合任意類型的換行符號，出現一次或連續出現
 
=== Python 如何取代換行符號 ===
* [https://stackoverflow.com/questions/275018/how-can-i-remove-a-trailing-newline-in-python How can I remove a trailing newline in Python? - Stack Overflow] {{access | date = 2019-06-14}}


== Related articles ==
== Related articles ==
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carriage_return Carriage return - Wikipedia]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carriage_return Carriage return - Wikipedia]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newline Newline - Wikipedia]
* [https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-tw/%E6%8F%9B%E8%A1%8C 換行 - 维基百科，自由的百科全书]
* [https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-tw/%E6%8F%9B%E8%A1%8C 換行 - 维基百科，自由的百科全书]
* [https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9B%9E%E8%BB%8A%E9%8D%B5 回車鍵 - 維基百科，自由的百科全書]
* [https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9B%9E%E8%BB%8A%E9%8D%B5 回車鍵 - 維基百科，自由的百科全書]
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* [https://confluence.qps.nl/fledermaus/questions-answers/other/differences-in-end-of-line-characters-mac-windows-and-linux Differences in end of line characters Mac, Windows, and Linux]
* [https://confluence.qps.nl/fledermaus/questions-answers/other/differences-in-end-of-line-characters-mac-windows-and-linux Differences in end of line characters Mac, Windows, and Linux]
* [https://stackoverflow.com/questions/3059091/how-to-remove-carriage-returns-from-output-of-string php - How to remove carriage returns from output of string? - Stack Overflow]
* [https://stackoverflow.com/questions/3059091/how-to-remove-carriage-returns-from-output-of-string php - How to remove carriage returns from output of string? - Stack Overflow]
* Url encoding of {{kbd | key=<nowiki>\r\n</nowiki>}} is {{kbd | key=<nowiki>%0D%0A</nowiki>}}. More details on [https://www.w3schools.com/tags/ref_urlencode.asp HTML URL Encoding Reference]


References
== References ==


<references />
<references />


[[Category:Programming]] [[Category:Data Science]] [[Category:String manipulation]]
[[Category: Programming]]  
[[Category: Data Science]]  
[[Category: String manipulation]]
[[Category: Revised with LLMs]]
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