Return symbol
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如何看到換行符號、如何從文章中取代換行符號 (英文:Return symbol, line terminators, line endings, newline, end of line (EOL), line feed (LF) or line break)。
- On Win
: CRLF = \r\n
- On Unix, Linux
& recent versions of macOS
: LF = \n
- On classic versions of macOS
[1][2] e.g. Mac OS 9: CR = \r
如何使用編輯軟體,看到換行符號[edit]
查看每一行使用的換行符號
- Notepad++ On Win
選單 → 檢視 → 特殊字元 → 顯示行尾字元 (EOL)
- RawLineEdit for Sublime text
- 換行符號是 CRLF = \r\n 每行最後顯示的是 <0x0d>¬
- 換行符號是 LF = \n 每行最後顯示的是 ¬ 象形符號 (glyph)
- 換行符號是 CR = \r 每行最後顯示的是 <0x0d>
- BASH cat command e.g. cat -e <filename>
- 換行符號是 CRLF = \r\n 每行最後顯示的是 ^M$
- 換行符號是 LF = \n 每行最後顯示的是 $
- 換行符號是 CR = \r 每行最後顯示的是 ^M
查看檔案使用的換行符號
- atom/line-ending-selector: Switch between Unix and Window style line endings. for Atom on Win
, macOS
& Linux
- file (command): file filename.txt on Linux
, macOS
[3] & Cygwin on Win
檔案內容 | File command 偵測結果 |
---|---|
換行符號是 CRLF = \r\n | UTF-8 Unicode text, with CRLF line terminators |
換行符號是 LF = \n | UTF-8 Unicode text ![]() |
換行符號是 CR = \r | UTF-8 Unicode text, with CR line terminators |
特例: 換行符號夾雜 \r\n 和 \r | UTF-8 Unicode text, with CRLF, CR line terminators |
特例: 換行符號夾雜 \r\n 和 \n | UTF-8 Unicode text, with CRLF, LF line terminators |
特例: 換行符號夾雜 \n 和 \r | UTF-8 Unicode text, with CR, LF line terminators |
特例: 無內容的空檔案 | empty |
不同換行符號 在不同作業系統的編輯器看到的文件狀況[edit]
檔案內容 | Windows 10 內建「記事本」 | Windows 10 免費編輯器 Notepad++ v. 7.5.9 | Mac 內建「文字編輯.app」 | Mac 編輯器 Sublime Text v. 3.2 |
---|---|---|---|---|
換行符號是 CRLF = \r\n | ok | ok | ok | ok |
換行符號是 LF = \n | ![]() |
ok | ok | ok |
換行符號是 CR = \r | ![]() |
ok | ok | ok |
計算換行符號的數量[edit]
## 計算 \n (不包含 \r\n) 換行符號的數量 % perl -ne '$count++ if /[^\r]\n/; END{print "純 LF 數量: $count\n"}' YOUR_FILE.txt ## 計算 \r\n 換行符號的數量 % perl -ne '$count++ if /\r\n/; END{print "CRLF 數量: $count\n"}' YOUR_FILE.txt
如何尋找與取代換行符號[edit]
文字編輯軟體如何取代換行符號[edit]
- 支援 Regular expression 的文字編輯軟體,例: 將Email清單,轉成Email軟體可以使用的寄信名單 (取代換行符號為逗號)
MySQL 如何尋找換行符號[edit]
SELECT content, CASE WHEN content LIKE CONCAT('%', CHAR(13), CHAR(10), '%') THEN 'CRLF (\\r\\n)' WHEN content LIKE CONCAT('%', CHAR(10), '%') THEN 'LF (\\n)' WHEN content LIKE CONCAT('%', CHAR(13), '%') THEN 'CR (\\r)' ELSE 'No newlines' END as newline_type FROM my_table WHERE content REGEXP CONCAT('[', CHAR(10), CHAR(13), ']');
MySQL 如何取代換行符號[edit]
UPDATE my_table SET content = REPLACE( REPLACE( REPLACE(content, CONCAT(CHAR(13), CHAR(10)), ''), CHAR(10), '' ), CHAR(13), '' ) WHERE content REGEXP CONCAT('[', CHAR(10), CHAR(13), ']'); -- or UPDATE my_table SET `content` = REPLACE(REPLACE(REPLACE(`my_table`,'\r\n',''),'\n',''),'\r','') ;
Excel 如何取代換行符號[edit]
- =CLEAN(A1) Use the CLEAN function to "remove the first 32 nonprinting characters in the 7-bit ASCII code (values 0 through 31) from the text"[6]. Meanwhile, the return symbol will be removed from the text.
- =TRIM(SUBSTITUTE(SUBSTITUTE(A1, CHAR(13),""), CHAR(10),", ") to replace the return symbol in the cell located at A1 [7][8].
函數說明
- CHAR(10) means "Line feed" (LF, \n) Unix/Linux 換行符號
- CHAR(13) means "Carriage return"(LF, \r) 舊版 Mac 換行符號
- CONCAT(CHAR(13), CHAR(10)) means "CRLF"(\r\n) Windows 標準換行符號
Python 如何取代換行符號[edit]
- How can I remove a trailing newline in Python? - Stack Overflow [Last visited: 2019-06-14]
Related articles[edit]
- Carriage return - Wikipedia
- Newline - Wikipedia
- 換行 - 维基百科,自由的百科全书
- 回車鍵 - 維基百科,自由的百科全書
- 陳雲濤的部落格: 筆記 CRLF跟LF之區別 --- 隱形的 bug:「CRLF才是真正的打字機運作方式,你可以想像:打字機打到最右邊,要先return到最左邊之後,再往下一行,所以是CRLF ... ...」
- Differences in end of line characters Mac, Windows, and Linux
- php - How to remove carriage returns from output of string? - Stack Overflow
- Url encoding of \r\n is %0D%0A. More details on HTML URL Encoding Reference
References[edit]
- ↑ Classic Mac OS - Wikipedia
- ↑ Newline - Wikipedia
- ↑ file(1) Mac OS X Manual Page
- ↑ sql - REPLACE new line character in MYSql not working - Stack Overflow
- ↑ MySQL: trim *both* whitespace and newline characters - Stack Overflow
- ↑ CLEAN function
- ↑ 3 ways to remove carriage returns in Excel: formulas, VBA macro, find&replace dialog [Last visited: 2018-05-24]
- ↑ ASCII - Wikipedia