13,314
edits
Regular expression: Difference between revisions
Jump to navigation
Jump to search
m
→Regular expression online tools
| (15 intermediate revisions by the same user not shown) | |||
| Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
透過正規表示法 (Regular Expression) 處理文字檔時，可以快速地搜尋或取代符合特定規則的字串。以每行為單位，進行字串處理<ref>[http://linux.vbird.org/linux_basic/0330regularex.php 鳥哥的 Linux 私房菜 -- 正規表示法 (regular expression, RE) 與文件格式化處理]</ref>。 正規表示法 | 透過正規表示法 (Regular Expression) 處理文字檔時，可以快速地搜尋或取代符合特定規則的字串。以每行為單位，進行字串處理<ref>[http://linux.vbird.org/linux_basic/0330regularex.php 鳥哥的 Linux 私房菜 -- 正規表示法 (regular expression, RE) 與文件格式化處理]</ref>。 正規表示法 又稱正規表示式、正規表達式、正則表達式、正規表示法、正規運算式、規則運算式、常規表示法<ref>[https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%AD%A3%E5%88%99%E8%A1%A8%E8%BE%BE%E5%BC%8F 正規表示式 - 維基百科，自由的百科全書]</ref>。 | ||
{{Raise hand | text = 有問題嗎？可以利用提供解說的[[Regular_expression#Regular_expression_online_tools | 線上工具]]，嘗試自己除錯。 也可以到[http://www.ptt.cc/bbs/RegExp/index.html 看板 RegExp 文章列表 - 批踢踢實業坊]或其他[[問答服務]]詢問。 }} | {{Raise hand | text = 有問題嗎？可以利用提供解說的[[Regular_expression#Regular_expression_online_tools | 線上工具]]，嘗試自己除錯。 也可以到[http://www.ptt.cc/bbs/RegExp/index.html 看板 RegExp 文章列表 - 批踢踢實業坊]或其他[[問答服務]]詢問。 }} | ||
| Line 5: | Line 5: | ||
== 快速查表 == | == 快速查表 == | ||
說明: (1) sample 藍色網底處代表符合規則的文字、(2) 同一文字規則可以有多種表示法 | 說明: (1) sample 藍色網底處代表符合規則的文字、(2) 同一文字規則可以有多種表示法 | ||
<table border="1" style="width:100%"> | <table border="1" style="width:100%" class="wikitable"> | ||
<tr > | <tr > | ||
<th style="background-color: #E0E0E0;"> 文字規則 </th> | <th style="background-color: #E0E0E0;"> 文字規則 </th> | ||
| Line 43: | Line 43: | ||
</tr> | </tr> | ||
<tr> | <tr> | ||
<td> 任意次的 ASCII character(包含英文、數字和空白) [http://regexr.com/3aom2 demo]<ref>[http://www.asciitable.com/ | <td> 任意次的 ASCII character(包含英文、數字和空白) [http://regexr.com/3aom2 demo]<ref>[http://www.asciitable.com/ Ascii Table - ASCII character codes and html, octal, hex and decimal chart conversion]</ref> <br /> {{kbd | key = <nowiki>[\x00-\x80]+</nowiki>}} 或 {{kbd | key = <nowiki>[[:ascii:]]+</nowiki>}}<ref>[https://stackoverflow.com/questions/24903140/regex-for-any-english-ascii-character-including-special-characters php - Regex for Any English ASCII Character Including Special Characters - Stack Overflow]</ref></td> | ||
<td><span style="background:#C6E3FF">What Does the Fox Say? 12</span> 狐狸怎叫 34</td> | <td><span style="background:#C6E3FF">What Does the Fox Say? 12</span> 狐狸怎叫 34</td> | ||
<td>非 ASCII，即中文出現任意次<br /> {{kbd | key = <nowiki>[^\x00-\x80]+</nowiki>}}</td> | <td>非 ASCII，即中文出現任意次<br /> {{kbd | key = <nowiki>[^\x00-\x80]+</nowiki>}}</td> | ||
| Line 49: | Line 49: | ||
</tr> | </tr> | ||
<tr> | <tr> | ||
<td> | <td> 任意次的大小寫英文、數字和底線符號( _ )文字(不包含空白) <br /> {{kbd | key = <nowiki>[\w]+</nowiki>}} = {{kbd | key = <nowiki>[a-zA-Z0-9_]+</nowiki>}} </td> | ||
<td><span style="background:#C6E3FF">What</span> Does the Fox Say? 12 狐狸怎叫 34</td> | <td><span style="background:#C6E3FF">What</span> Does the Fox Say? 12 狐狸怎叫 34</td> | ||
<td> 任意次的不是英文、數字和底線符號( _ )的文字 <br /> {{kbd | key = <nowiki>\W+</nowiki>}} = {{kbd | key = <nowiki>[^a-zA-Z0-9_]+</nowiki>}}</td> | <td> 任意次的不是英文、數字和底線符號( _ )的文字 <br /> {{kbd | key = <nowiki>\W+</nowiki>}} = {{kbd | key = <nowiki>[^a-zA-Z0-9_]+</nowiki>}}</td> | ||
| Line 59: | Line 59: | ||
<td>不包含數字的任意次文字(包含空白 <br /> {{kbd | key = <nowiki>[^\d]+</nowiki>}} = {{kbd | key = <nowiki>[^0-9]+</nowiki>}} = {{kbd | key = <nowiki>\D+</nowiki>}} </td> | <td>不包含數字的任意次文字(包含空白 <br /> {{kbd | key = <nowiki>[^\d]+</nowiki>}} = {{kbd | key = <nowiki>[^0-9]+</nowiki>}} = {{kbd | key = <nowiki>\D+</nowiki>}} </td> | ||
<td><span style="background:#C6E3FF">What Does the Fox Say? </span>12 狐狸怎叫 34</td> | <td><span style="background:#C6E3FF">What Does the Fox Say? </span>12 狐狸怎叫 34</td> | ||
</tr> | |||
<tr> | |||
<td> 任意次的中文字 <br /> {{kbd | key = <nowiki>[\p{Han}]+</nowiki>}} ([https://regex101.com/r/UYkdml/1 demo]、[[Regular expression#尋找中文、非英文的文字 | 詳細說明]])</td> | |||
<td>What Does the Fox Say? 12 <span style="background:#C6E3FF">狐狸怎叫</span> 34</td> | |||
<td>不包含中文字的任意次文字 <br /> {{kbd | key = <nowiki>[^\p{Han}]+</nowiki>}} ([https://regex101.com/r/Nk9GdA/1 demo])</td> | |||
<td></td> | |||
</tr> | </tr> | ||
<tr> | <tr> | ||
| Line 130: | Line 136: | ||
== Regular expression online tools == | == Regular expression online tools == | ||
測試 Regular expression 語法的網站 | |||
* {{Gd}} [http://regex101.com/ RegEx101] "Online regex tester and debugger: PHP, PCRE, Python, Golang and JavaScript" ([http://regex101.com/r/tH1eT7/1 example]) 有提供語法解說。教學: [https://www.minwt.com/webdesign-dev/html/20352.html RegEx101正規表示法線上產生器，有沒有選到立馬告訴你|梅問題．教學網] | * {{Gd}} [http://regex101.com/ RegEx101] "Online regex tester and debugger: PHP, PCRE, Python, Golang and JavaScript" ([http://regex101.com/r/tH1eT7/1 example]) 有提供語法解說。教學: [https://www.minwt.com/webdesign-dev/html/20352.html RegEx101正規表示法線上產生器，有沒有選到立馬告訴你|梅問題．教學網] | ||
* {{Gd}} [http://gskinner.com/RegExr/ RegExr]: Learn, Build, & Test RegEx ([http://regexr.com/395t0 example]). 有提供語法解說. 教學: [http://blog.hsdn.net/1426.html RegExr: 功能強大的正規式撰寫協助工具] | * {{Gd}} [http://gskinner.com/RegExr/ RegExr]: Learn, Build, & Test RegEx ([http://regexr.com/395t0 example]). 有提供語法解說. 教學: [http://blog.hsdn.net/1426.html RegExr: 功能強大的正規式撰寫協助工具] | ||
| Line 243: | Line 250: | ||
* [https://www.hexdictionary.com/ Hex Dictionary | Convert Hex / Hexadecimal Numbers to Binary and Decimal] | * [https://www.hexdictionary.com/ Hex Dictionary | Convert Hex / Hexadecimal Numbers to Binary and Decimal] | ||
=== Find IP address === | === Find IP address (IPv4) === | ||
適用 [http://notepad-plus-plus.org/ Notepad++] 軟體 v.5.9.5 | |||
# 選單: 尋找 -> 取代 | # 選單: 尋找 -> 取代 | ||
# 搜尋模式: 勾選「用類型表式」 | # 搜尋模式: 勾選「用類型表式」 | ||
## 尋找目標: \d\d?\d?\.\d\d?\d?\.\d\d?\d?\.\d\d?\d? | ## 尋找目標: {{kbd | key=<nowiki>\d\d?\d?\.\d\d?\d?\.\d\d?\d?\.\d\d?\d?</nowiki>}} | ||
note: not support {n} syntax | note: not support {n} syntax | ||
適用 [https://www.sublimetext.com/ Sublime Text] v. 3.2.21 | |||
# Find: {{kbd | key=<nowiki>(?:\d{1,3}\.){3}\d{1,3}</nowiki>}} | |||
參考資料: | 參考資料: | ||
* [https://www.regular-expressions.info/ip.html How to Find or Validate an IP Address] {{access | date = 2019-06-05}} | |||
* [http://sourceforge.net/projects/notepad-plus/forums/forum/331754/topic/4780602 SourceForge.net: Notepad++: Regular expression for IP addresses] | * [http://sourceforge.net/projects/notepad-plus/forums/forum/331754/topic/4780602 SourceForge.net: Notepad++: Regular expression for IP addresses] | ||
* [http://stackoverflow.com/questions/53497/regular-expression-that-matches-valid-ipv6-addresses regex - Regular expression that matches valid IPv6 addresses - Stack Overflow] {{access | date = 2015-08-10}} | * [http://stackoverflow.com/questions/53497/regular-expression-that-matches-valid-ipv6-addresses regex - Regular expression that matches valid IPv6 addresses - Stack Overflow] {{access | date = 2015-08-10}} | ||
| Line 349: | Line 360: | ||
=== 尋找中文、非英文的文字 === | === 尋找中文、非英文的文字 === | ||
適用: Google Drive 試算表的 [https://support.google.com/docs/answer/3098245?hl=zh-Hant RegExReplace] 函數、Notepad++的搜尋 | 適用: Google Drive 試算表的 Regular expression 相關函數，例如: [https://support.google.com/docs/answer/3098292?hl=zh-Hant REGEXMATCH]、[https://support.google.com/docs/answer/3098244?hl=en REGEXEXTRACT]、[https://support.google.com/docs/answer/3098245?hl=zh-Hant RegExReplace] 函數、Notepad++的搜尋 | ||
<pre> | <pre> | ||
[^\x00-\x80]+ | [^\x00-\x80]+ | ||
</pre> | </pre> | ||
適用: | 適用: [https://zh-tw.libreoffice.org/ LibreOffice] [https://help.libreoffice.org/6.2/en-US/text/scalc/01/func_regex.html REGEX] function<ref>[https://help.libreoffice.org/6.2/en-US/text/shared/01/02100001.html?&DbPAR=WRITER&System=MAC List of Regular Expressions]</ref>、Total commander 的 Multi-Rename tool<ref>取代非英文的文字，但是不包含 . 符號: <nowiki>[^\u0000-\u0080|.]+ </nowiki></ref><ref>[http://stackoverflow.com/questions/150033/regular-expression-to-match-non-english-characters javascript - Regular expression to match non-english characters? - Stack Overflow]</ref> | ||
<pre> | <pre> | ||
[^\u0000-\u0080]+ | [^\u0000-\u0080]+ | ||
| Line 366: | Line 377: | ||
</pre> | </pre> | ||
尋找欄位值包含中文字，中文字包含繁體中文與簡體中文，不包含標點符號 (例如 {{kbd | key = <nowiki>,</nowiki>}})、全形標點符號 (例如 {{kbd | key = <nowiki>，</nowiki>}})以及特殊符號，例如 Emoji：{{kbd | key = ⭐}}。 | |||
PHP: | PHP: exact match | ||
<pre> | <pre> | ||
// approach 1 | // approach 1 | ||
| Line 384: | Line 395: | ||
</pre> | </pre> | ||
技術問題除錯: | partial match ([http://sandbox.onlinephpfunctions.com/code/d780845d20877c0fd2e693b28ed02a10d250d39e online demo] hosted by [http://sandbox.onlinephpfunctions.com/ PHP Sandbox]) | ||
<pre> | |||
// approach 1 | |||
$string = '繁體中文-简体中文-English-12345-。，！-.,!-⭐'; | |||
$pattern = '/[\p{Han}]+/u'; | |||
preg_match_all($pattern, $string, $matches, PREG_OFFSET_CAPTURE); | |||
var_dump($matches); | |||
// approach 2 | |||
$string = '繁體中文-简体中文-English-12345-。，！-.,!-⭐'; | |||
$pattern = '/[\x{4e00}-\x{9fa5}]+/u'; | |||
preg_match_all($pattern, $string, $matches, PREG_OFFSET_CAPTURE); | |||
var_dump($matches); | |||
</pre> | |||
技術問題除錯: 錯誤訊息 | |||
<pre>preg_match(): Compilation failed: character value in \x{} or \o{} is too large at offset 8</pre> | |||
解決方式: [http://php.net/manual/en/function.preg-match.php preg_match()] 需要加上 {{kbd | key = u }} 變數<ref>[https://stackoverflow.com/questions/32375531/preg-match-compilation-failed-character-value-in-x-or-o-is-too-large-a php - preg_match(): Compilation failed: character value in \x{} or \o{} is too large at offset 27 on line number 25 - Stack Overflow]</ref>。 | 解決方式: [http://php.net/manual/en/function.preg-match.php preg_match()] 需要加上 {{kbd | key = u }} 變數<ref>[https://stackoverflow.com/questions/32375531/preg-match-compilation-failed-character-value-in-x-or-o-is-too-large-a php - preg_match(): Compilation failed: character value in \x{} or \o{} is too large at offset 27 on line number 25 - Stack Overflow]</ref>。 | ||
| Line 495: | Line 523: | ||
</pre> | </pre> | ||
說明: \S 代表非空白字元, \r\n | 說明: \S 代表非空白字元, \r\n 代表[[Return symbol | 換行符號]]。[^\S\r\n] 則代表不是非空白字元、也不是換行符號。換句話說尋找空白，但不包含換行符號。 | ||
使用 Sublime Text 軟體 (參考資料<ref>[http://www.techrepublic.com/blog/microsoft-office/quickly-replace-multiple-space-characters-with-a-tab-character/ Quickly replace multiple space characters with a tab character - TechRepublic]</ref> <ref>[http://stackoverflow.com/questions/3469080/match-whitespace-but-not-newlines-perl regex - Match whitespace but not newlines (Perl) - Stack Overflow]</ref>) | 使用 Sublime Text 軟體 (參考資料<ref>[http://www.techrepublic.com/blog/microsoft-office/quickly-replace-multiple-space-characters-with-a-tab-character/ Quickly replace multiple space characters with a tab character - TechRepublic]</ref> <ref>[http://stackoverflow.com/questions/3469080/match-whitespace-but-not-newlines-perl regex - Match whitespace but not newlines (Perl) - Stack Overflow]</ref>) | ||
# Menu: Search -> Replace | # Menu: Search -> Replace | ||
# click "Use Regular Expression" | # click "Use Regular Expression" | ||
## Find: {{kbd | key = <nowiki>([^\S\n]+)</nowiki>}} 或 {{kbd | key = <nowiki>([^\S\r\n]+)</nowiki>}} 或 {{kbd | key = <nowiki>_{1,}</nowiki>}} ( 自行替換 _ 成半形空白) | ## Find: {{kbd | key = <nowiki>([^\S\n]+)</nowiki>}} 或 {{kbd | key = <nowiki>([^\S\r\n]+)</nowiki>}} 或 {{kbd | key = <nowiki>\s\s+</nowiki>}} 或 {{kbd | key = <nowiki>_{1,}</nowiki>}} ( 自行替換 _ 成半形空白) {{exclaim}} 因為 {{kbd | key = <nowiki>\s</nowiki>}} 包含了空白與換行字元，所以不能直接使用 {{kbd | key = <nowiki>\s+</nowiki>}} 當做搜尋條件 | ||
## Replace with: {{kbd | key = <nowiki>\t</nowiki>}} | ## Replace with: {{kbd | key = <nowiki>\t</nowiki>}} | ||
# click "Replace all" | # click "Replace all" | ||
| Line 538: | Line 566: | ||
=== 尋找文章內容中的網址 === | === 尋找文章內容中的網址 === | ||
[[Regular extract url from text]] | [[Regular extract url from text]] | ||
=== 尋找數字 === | |||
請參考 [[Data cleaning#Numeric]] | |||
=== 尋找文章內容中的長數字 === | === 尋找文章內容中的長數字 === | ||