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== | 透過正規表示法 (Regular Expression) 處理文字檔時,可以快速地搜尋或取代符合特定規則的字串。以每行為單位,進行字串處理<ref>[http://linux.vbird.org/linux_basic/0330regularex.php 鳥哥的 Linux 私房菜 -- 正規表示法 (regular expression, RE) 與文件格式化處理]</ref>。 正規表示法 又稱正規表示式、正規表達式、正則表達式、正規表示法、正規運算式、規則運算式、常規表示法<ref>[https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%AD%A3%E5%88%99%E8%A1%A8%E8%BE%BE%E5%BC%8F 正規表示式 - 維基百科,自由的百科全書]</ref>。 | ||
=== | |||
{{Raise hand | text = 有問題嗎?可以利用提供解說的[[Regular_expression#Regular_expression_online_tools | 線上工具]],嘗試自己除錯。 也可以到[http://www.ptt.cc/bbs/RegExp/index.html 看板 RegExp 文章列表 - 批踢踢實業坊]或其他[[問答服務]]詢問。 }} | |||
== 快速查表 == | |||
說明: (1) sample 藍色網底處代表符合規則的文字、(2) 同一文字規則可以有多種表示法 | |||
<table border="1" style="width:100%" class="wikitable"> | |||
<tr > | |||
<th style="background-color: #E0E0E0;"> 文字規則 </th> | |||
<th style="background-color: #E0E0E0; width:260px;"> sample </th> | |||
<th style="background-color: #9c9ca3;"> 對立的文字規則 </th> | |||
<th style="background-color: #9c9ca3; width:260px;"> sample</th> | |||
</tr> | |||
<tr> | |||
<td> 任意一個文字(包含空白,但不包含換行符號) <br /> {{kbd | key = <nowiki>.</nowiki>}} </td> | |||
<td><span style="background:#C6E3FF">W</span>hat Does the Fox Say? 12 狐狸怎叫 34</td> | |||
<td></td> | |||
<td></td> | |||
</tr> | |||
<tr> | |||
<td> 任意文字(包含空白),出現1次或0次 <br /> {{kbd | key = <nowiki>.?</nowiki>}} = {{kbd | key = <nowiki>.{0,1}</nowiki>}}</td> | |||
<td><span style="background:#C6E3FF">W</span>hat Does the Fox Say? 12 狐狸怎叫 34</td> | |||
<td></td> | |||
<td></td> | |||
</tr> | |||
<tr> | |||
<td> 任意次的多個文字(包含空白) <br /> {{kbd | key = <nowiki>.*</nowiki>}} ={{kbd | key = <nowiki> .{0,}</nowiki>}}</td> | |||
<td><span style="background:#C6E3FF">What Does the Fox Say? 12 狐狸怎叫 34</span></td> | |||
<td></td> | |||
<td></td> | |||
</tr> | |||
<tr> | |||
<td> 任意次的文字(包含空白),至少出現1次 <br /> {{kbd | key = <nowiki>.+</nowiki>}} = {{kbd | key = <nowiki>.{1,}</nowiki>}}</td> | |||
<td><span style="background:#C6E3FF">What Does the Fox Say? 12 狐狸怎叫 34</span></td> | |||
<td></td> | |||
<td></td> | |||
</tr> | |||
<tr> | |||
<td> 任意次的空白或換行符號 (至少出現1次的空白或換行符號) <br /> {{kbd | key = <nowiki>\s+</nowiki>}} </td> | |||
<td>What<span style="background:#C6E3FF"> </span>Does the Fox Say? 12 狐狸怎叫 34</td> | |||
<td>任意多個文字(不包含空白或換行符號) <br /> {{kbd | key = <nowiki>[^\s]+</nowiki>}} ={{kbd | key = <nowiki> [^\s]{1,}</nowiki>}} = {{kbd | key = <nowiki> [\S]+</nowiki>}} = {{kbd | key = <nowiki>[^ ]+</nowiki>}}</td> | |||
<td><span style="background:#C6E3FF">What</span> Does the Fox Say? 12 狐狸怎叫 34</td> | |||
</tr> | |||
<tr> | |||
<td> 任意次的 ASCII character(包含英文、數字和空白) [http://regexr.com/3aom2 demo]<ref>[http://www.asciitable.com/ Ascii Table - ASCII character codes and html, octal, hex and decimal chart conversion]</ref> <br /> {{kbd | key = <nowiki>[\x00-\x80]+</nowiki>}} 或 {{kbd | key = <nowiki>[[:ascii:]]+</nowiki>}}<ref>[https://stackoverflow.com/questions/24903140/regex-for-any-english-ascii-character-including-special-characters php - Regex for Any English ASCII Character Including Special Characters - Stack Overflow]</ref></td> | |||
<td><span style="background:#C6E3FF">What Does the Fox Say? 12</span> 狐狸怎叫 34</td> | |||
<td>非 ASCII,即中文出現任意次<br /> {{kbd | key = <nowiki>[^\x00-\x80]+</nowiki>}}</td> | |||
<td>What Does the Fox Say? 12 <span style="background:#C6E3FF">狐狸怎叫</span> 34</td> | |||
</tr> | |||
<tr> | |||
<td> 任意次的大小寫英文、數字和底線符號( _ )文字(不包含空白) <br /> {{kbd | key = <nowiki>[\w]+</nowiki>}} = {{kbd | key = <nowiki>[a-zA-Z0-9_]+</nowiki>}} </td> | |||
<td><span style="background:#C6E3FF">What</span> Does the Fox Say? 12 狐狸怎叫 34</td> | |||
<td> 任意次的不是英文、數字和底線符號( _ )的文字 <br /> {{kbd | key = <nowiki>\W+</nowiki>}} = {{kbd | key = <nowiki>[^a-zA-Z0-9_]+</nowiki>}}</td> | |||
<td>[http://regexr.com/3bk4v demo]</td> | |||
</tr> | |||
<tr> | |||
<td> 任意次的數字(不包含空白) <br /> {{kbd | key = <nowiki>[\d]+</nowiki>}} = {{kbd | key = <nowiki>[0-9]+</nowiki>}}</td> | |||
<td>What Does the Fox Say? <span style="background:#C6E3FF">12</span> 狐狸怎叫 34</td> | |||
<td>不包含數字的任意次文字(包含空白 <br /> {{kbd | key = <nowiki>[^\d]+</nowiki>}} = {{kbd | key = <nowiki>[^0-9]+</nowiki>}} = {{kbd | key = <nowiki>\D+</nowiki>}} </td> | |||
<td><span style="background:#C6E3FF">What Does the Fox Say? </span>12 狐狸怎叫 34</td> | |||
</tr> | |||
<tr> | |||
<td> 任意次的中文字 <br /> {{kbd | key = <nowiki>[\p{Han}]+</nowiki>}} ([https://regex101.com/r/UYkdml/1 demo]、[[Regular expression#尋找中文、非英文的文字 | 詳細說明]])</td> | |||
<td>What Does the Fox Say? 12 <span style="background:#C6E3FF">狐狸怎叫</span> 34</td> | |||
<td>不包含中文字的任意次文字 <br /> {{kbd | key = <nowiki>[^\p{Han}]+</nowiki>}} ([https://regex101.com/r/Nk9GdA/1 demo])</td> | |||
<td></td> | |||
</tr> | |||
<tr> | |||
<td> 以「狐狸」開頭的行 <br /> {{kbd | key = <nowiki>^狐狸.*$</nowiki>}}<ref>[http://www.regular-expressions.info/completelines.html Regex Examples: Matching Whole Lines of Text That Satisfy Certain Requirements]</ref></td> | |||
<td> | |||
<span style="background:#C6E3FF">狐狸怎叫 34 What Does the Fox Say?</span><br /> | |||
柴犬怎叫 What Does the shiba inu say? | |||
</td> | |||
<td>不以「狐狸」開頭的行 <br /> {{kbd | key = <nowiki>^(?!狐狸).*$</nowiki>}}<ref>[http://stackoverflow.com/questions/406230/regular-expression-to-match-text-that-doesnt-contain-a-word regex - Regular expression to match text that *doesn't* contain a word? - Stack Overflow]</ref> </td> | |||
<td> | |||
狐狸怎叫 34 What Does the Fox Say?<br /> | |||
<span style="background:#C6E3FF">柴犬怎叫 What Does the shiba inu say?</span> | |||
</td> | |||
</tr> | |||
<tr> | |||
<td> 以「怎叫」結尾的行 <br /> {{kbd | key = <nowiki>^.*怎叫$</nowiki>}} | |||
<td> | |||
What Does the Fox Say? 12 狐狸怎叫 34<br /> | |||
<span style="background:#C6E3FF">What Does the shiba inu say? 柴犬怎叫</span> | |||
</td> | |||
<td>不以「怎叫」結尾的行 <br /> {{kbd | key = <nowiki>.*(?<!怎叫)$</nowiki>}}<ref>[http://stackoverflow.com/questions/16398471/regex-not-ending-with Regex not ending with - Stack Overflow]</ref></td> | |||
<td> | |||
<span style="background:#C6E3FF">What Does the Fox Say? 12 狐狸怎叫 34</span><br /> | |||
What Does the shiba inu say? 柴犬怎叫 | |||
</td> | |||
</tr> | |||
<tr> | |||
<td> 包含「狐狸」的行 <br /> {{kbd | key = <nowiki>^.*狐狸.*$</nowiki>}}</td> | |||
<td> | |||
<span style="background:#C6E3FF">What Does the Fox Say? 12 狐狸怎叫 34</span><br /> | |||
What Does the shiba inu say? 柴犬怎叫 | |||
</td> | |||
<td>不包含「狐狸」的行 <br /> {{kbd | key = <nowiki>^((?!狐狸).)*$</nowiki>}} </td> | |||
<td> | |||
What Does the Fox Say? 12 狐狸怎叫 34<br /> | |||
<span style="background:#C6E3FF">What Does the shiba inu say? 柴犬怎叫 </span> | |||
</td> | |||
</tr> | |||
<tr> | |||
<td> 布林邏輯 AND: 包含「狐狸」和「叫」的行 ([http://regexr.com/3aokl demo])<ref>[http://stackoverflow.com/questions/469913/regular-expressions-is-there-an-and-operator regex - Regular Expressions: Is there an AND operator? - Stack Overflow]</ref><br /> {{kbd | key = <nowiki>(?=.*狐狸)(?=.*叫).*</nowiki>}}</td> | |||
<td> | |||
<span style="background:#C6E3FF">What Does the Fox Say? 12 狐狸怎叫 34</span><br /> | |||
<span style="background:#C6E3FF">What Does the Fox Say? 12 不叫狐狸 34</span><br /> | |||
What Does the shiba inu say? 柴犬怎叫 | |||
</td> | |||
<td></td> | |||
<td></td> | |||
</tr> | |||
<tr> | |||
<td> 布林邏輯 OR: 包含「狐狸」或「叫」的行 ([http://regexr.com/3aoko demo])<br /> {{kbd | key = <nowiki>.*(狐狸|叫).*</nowiki>}}</td> | |||
<td> | |||
<span style="background:#C6E3FF">What Does the Fox Say? 12 狐狸怎叫 34<br /> | |||
What Does the shiba inu say? 柴犬怎叫</span><br /> | |||
What Does the shiba inu say? 柴犬怎了 | |||
</td> | |||
<td>布林邏輯: 不包含「狐狸」也不包含「柴犬」的行<br /> {{kbd | key = <nowiki>^((?!狐狸|柴犬).)*$</nowiki>}}</td> | |||
<td>What Does the Fox Say? 12 狐狸怎叫 34<br /> | |||
What Does the shiba inu say? 柴犬怎叫<br /> | |||
<span style="background:#C6E3FF">What Does the Husky say? 哈士奇怎叫 </span></td> | |||
</tr> | |||
<tr> | |||
<td> 布林邏輯 NOT: 不包含「狐狸」,但包含「柴犬」的行 ([http://regexr.com/3aokr demo])<ref>[http://stackoverflow.com/questions/2953039/regular-expression-for-a-string-containing-one-word-but-not-another regex - Regular expression for a string containing one word but not another - Stack Overflow]</ref><br /> {{kbd | key = <nowiki>^((?!狐狸).)*(柴犬).*$</nowiki>}} = {{kbd | key = <nowiki>^(柴犬).*((?!狐狸).)*$</nowiki>}} = {{kbd | key = <nowiki>(柴犬).*((?!狐狸).)*</nowiki>}}</td> | |||
<td> | |||
What Does the Fox Say? 12 狐狸怎叫 34<br /> | |||
<span style="background:#C6E3FF">What Does the shiba inu say? 柴犬怎叫</span> | |||
</td> | |||
<td></td> | |||
<td></td> | |||
</tr> | |||
</table> | |||
== Regular expression online tools == | |||
* {{Gd}} [http://regex101.com/ RegEx101] "Online regex tester and debugger: PHP, PCRE, Python, Golang and JavaScript" ([http://regex101.com/r/tH1eT7/1 example]) 有提供語法解說。教學: [https://www.minwt.com/webdesign-dev/html/20352.html RegEx101正規表示法線上產生器,有沒有選到立馬告訴你|梅問題.教學網] | |||
* {{Gd}} [http://gskinner.com/RegExr/ RegExr]: Learn, Build, & Test RegEx ([http://regexr.com/395t0 example]). 有提供語法解說. 教學: [http://blog.hsdn.net/1426.html RegExr: 功能強大的正規式撰寫協助工具] | |||
* [https://regexper.com/ Regexper]: 圖解方式提供語法解說 e.g. [https://regexper.com/#%5Cd%7B3%7D%28.*%29 \d{3}(.*)] | |||
* [https://jex.im/regulex/ Regulex:JavaScript Regular Expression Visualizer] : 圖解方式提供語法解說 e.g. [https://jex.im/regulex/#!flags=&re=%5E(a%7Cb)*%3F%24 ^(a|b)*?$] | |||
* [http://www.rubular.com/ Rubular]: a Ruby regular expression editor and tester ([http://www.rubular.com/r/UZuUT5pjeh example]) | |||
* [http://www.phpliveregex.com/ PHP Live Regex] {{access | date=2014-11-25}} | |||
* [http://www.gethifi.com/tools/regex HiFi Regex Tester - Live JavaScript Regular Expression Tester] for Javascript {{access | date=2014-12-23}} | |||
* [http://www.regextester.com/ Regex Tester and Debugger Online - Javascript, PCRE, PHP] {{access | date=2016-01-07}} | |||
* [http://rocksaying.tw/archives/2670695.html Regular Expression (RegExp) in JavaScript - 石頭閒語] {{access | date=2017-11-14}} | |||
examples | |||
* {{Gd}} [http://regexlib.com/ Regular Expression Library] 網友提供的 pattern 範例 | |||
== cases == | |||
=== 取代換行符號為逗號 === | |||
將Email清單,轉成Email軟體可以使用的寄信名單 | |||
<pre> | <pre> | ||
原 | 原 | ||
Line 8: | Line 159: | ||
改成 | 改成 | ||
</pre> | </pre> | ||
==== 方案1: EmEditor ==== | ==== 方案1: Sublime Text, EmEditor ==== | ||
語法適用 [http://www.sublimetext.com/ Sublime Text], [http://www.emeditor.com/ EmEditor]軟體 (以下為 EmEditor 的操作說明) | |||
# Menu: Search -> Replace | # Menu: Search -> Replace | ||
# click "Use Regular Expression" | # click "Use Regular Expression" | ||
## Find: \n | ## Find: {{kbd | key = <nowiki>\n</nowiki>}} ([[Return symbol | 換行符號]] 。{{Win}} 作業系統的換行符號是 {{kbd | key = <nowiki>\r\n</nowiki>}}、{{Mac}} 作業系統的換行符號是 {{kbd | key = <nowiki>\n</nowiki>}},取兩者共有的符號。如果使用 {{Linux}} 作業系統的換行符號是 {{kbd | key = <nowiki>\r</nowiki>}}。 ) | ||
## Replace with: , | ## Replace with: {{kbd | key = <nowiki>, </nowiki>}} | ||
# click "Replace all" | # click "Replace all" | ||
<div style="float: left; width: 100%; position: relative; display: block; clear: left;"> | |||
<div style="width: 46%; float: left; margin:0 auto; position: relative; display: block; "> | |||
===== 將每行的文字,移除換行,並且都加上逗號分隔 ===== | |||
<pre> | |||
// before | |||
Elmo | |||
Emie | |||
Granny Bird | |||
// after | |||
Elmo, Emie, Granny Bird | |||
</pre> | |||
方法: 使用 [http://www.sublimetext.com/ Sublime Text] 或 [https://zh-tw.emeditor.com/ EmEditor]。 | |||
* Find what: {{kbd | key = <nowiki>\n</nowiki>}} | |||
* Replace with: {{kbd | key = <nowiki>, </nowiki>}} 此例是將每行的文字,都加上逗號+空格分隔 (如果要用別的符號分隔,例如頓號分隔,則是 Replace with: {{kbd | key = <nowiki>、</nowiki>}}) | |||
</div> | |||
<div style="width: 46%; float: left; margin:0 auto; position: absolute; display: block; left: 54%; top: 0;"> | |||
===== 將逗號分隔的文字,還原成逐行顯示,並且移除分隔符號 (,) ===== | |||
<pre> | |||
// before | |||
Elmo, Emie, Granny Bird | |||
// after | |||
Elmo | |||
Emie | |||
Granny Bird | |||
</pre> | |||
方法: 使用 [http://www.sublimetext.com/ Sublime Text] 或 [https://zh-tw.emeditor.com/ EmEditor]。{{exclaim}} 輸出結果的每行前面可能會有空白 | |||
* Find what: {{kbd | key = <nowiki>([^,]+),</nowiki>}} | |||
* Replace with: {{kbd | key = <nowiki>\1\n</nowiki>}} | |||
</div> | |||
</div> | |||
<div style="clear:both;"> </div> | |||
==== 方案2: Notepad++ ==== | ==== 方案2: Notepad++ ==== | ||
Line 23: | Line 214: | ||
# 選單: 尋找 -> 取代 | # 選單: 尋找 -> 取代 | ||
# 搜尋模式: 勾選「增強模式」 (不是勾選「用類型表式」) | # 搜尋模式: 勾選「增強模式」 (不是勾選「用類型表式」) | ||
## 尋找目標: | ## 尋找目標: {{kbd | key = <nowiki>\n</nowiki>}} (換行符號) | ||
## 取代成: , | ## 取代成: {{kbd | key = <nowiki>, </nowiki>}} | ||
# 勾選全部取代 | # 勾選全部取代 | ||
Line 33: | Line 224: | ||
# 選單: 編輯 -> 取代 | # 選單: 編輯 -> 取代 | ||
# 勾選增強模式 | # 勾選增強模式 | ||
## 尋找目標: ^p (段落標記) | ## 尋找目標: {{kbd | key = <nowiki>^p</nowiki>}} (段落標記) | ||
## 取代為: , | ## 取代為: {{kbd | key = <nowiki>, </nowiki>}} | ||
# 勾選全部取代 | # 勾選全部取代 | ||
==== 方案4: Sed command for linux ==== | |||
=== Find IP address === | {{kbd | key=<nowiki>sed 's/要被取代的字串/新的字串/g' old.filename > new.filename</nowiki>}}<ref>[http://linux.vbird.org/linux_basic/0330regularex.php#sed_replace 鳥哥的 Linux 私房菜 -- 正規表示法 (regular expression, RE) 與文件格式化處理]</ref> | ||
(1)要被取代的字串: :a;N;$!ba;s/\n | |||
(2)新的字串: ; | |||
{{kbd | key=<nowiki>sed ':a;N;$!ba;s/\n/; /g' old.filename > new.filename</nowiki>}} <ref>參考 [http://stackoverflow.com/questions/1251999/sed-how-can-i-replace-a-newline-n unix - sed: How can I replace a newline? ]</ref> | |||
==== 方案5: 使用支援十六進位編輯 (HEX) 的編輯軟體 ==== | |||
使用支援十六進位編輯 (HEX) 的編輯軟體,例如: [https://itunes.apple.com/tw/app/ihex-hex-editor/id909566003?mt=12 iHex - Hex Editor] for {{Mac}} | |||
# 選單 Edit -> Find | |||
# Find: {{kbd | key=<nowiki>0A</nowiki>}} 換行符號 | |||
# Replace: {{kbd | key=<nowiki>2c 20</nowiki>}} 其中 2c 是逗號, 20 是空白 | |||
# 儲存檔案 | |||
相關資料 | |||
* [https://www.hexdictionary.com/ Hex Dictionary | Convert Hex / Hexadecimal Numbers to Binary and Decimal] | |||
=== Find IP address (IPv4) === | |||
適用 [http://notepad-plus-plus.org/ Notepad++] 軟體 v.5.9.5 | |||
# 選單: 尋找 -> 取代 | # 選單: 尋找 -> 取代 | ||
# 搜尋模式: 勾選「用類型表式」 | # 搜尋模式: 勾選「用類型表式」 | ||
## 尋找目標: \d\d?\d?\.\d\d?\d?\.\d\d?\d?\.\d\d?\d? | ## 尋找目標: {{kbd | key=<nowiki>\d\d?\d?\.\d\d?\d?\.\d\d?\d?\.\d\d?\d?</nowiki>}} | ||
note: not support {n} syntax | note: not support {n} syntax | ||
適用 [https://www.sublimetext.com/ Sublime Text] v. 3.2.21 | |||
# Find: {{kbd | key=<nowiki>(?:\d{1,3}\.){3}\d{1,3}</nowiki>}} | |||
參考資料: | |||
* [https://www.regular-expressions.info/ip.html How to Find or Validate an IP Address] {{access | date = 2019-06-05}} | |||
* [http://sourceforge.net/projects/notepad-plus/forums/forum/331754/topic/4780602 SourceForge.net: Notepad++: Regular expression for IP addresses] | |||
* [http://stackoverflow.com/questions/53497/regular-expression-that-matches-valid-ipv6-addresses regex - Regular expression that matches valid IPv6 addresses - Stack Overflow] {{access | date = 2015-08-10}} | |||
=== 移除記事本純文字檔的黑色方塊(UNIX系統的換行符號 LF ) === | === 移除記事本純文字檔的黑色方塊(UNIX系統的換行符號 LF ) === | ||
Line 59: | Line 275: | ||
=== 將陣列的每項元素,都加上引號框起來 === | === 將每項元素,加上引號框起來 === | ||
==== 將陣列的每項元素,都加上引號框起來 ==== | |||
<pre> | <pre> | ||
Elmo, Emie, Granny Bird, Herry Monster, 喀喀獸 | Elmo, Emie, Granny Bird, Herry Monster, 喀喀獸 | ||
Line 65: | Line 282: | ||
'Elmo', 'Emie', 'Granny Bird', 'Herry Monster', '喀喀獸' | 'Elmo', 'Emie', 'Granny Bird', 'Herry Monster', '喀喀獸' | ||
</pre> | </pre> | ||
使用 PHP | 方法1: 使用 PHP | ||
{{exclaim}} 如果元素包含換行符號,不能用下面方法處理。 | |||
<pre> | <pre> | ||
$users = array('Elmo', 'Emie', 'Granny Bird', 'Herry Monster', '喀喀獸'); | $users = array('Elmo', 'Emie', 'Granny Bird', 'Herry Monster', '喀喀獸'); | ||
// | //「單引號」相隔每個元素 | ||
$result = implode(", | $result = implode(",", preg_replace('/^(.*?)$/', "'$1'", $users)); | ||
// | |||
//「雙引號」相隔每個元素 | |||
$result = implode(",", preg_replace('/^(.*?)$/', "\"$1\"", $users)); | |||
echo $result; | echo $result; | ||
</pre> | </pre> | ||
Thanks, Joshua! More on [http://melikedev.com/2010/02/24/php-wrap-implode-array-elements-in-quotes/ PHP - Wrap Implode Array Elements in Quotes » Me Like Dev] | Thanks, Joshua! More on [http://melikedev.com/2010/02/24/php-wrap-implode-array-elements-in-quotes/ PHP - Wrap Implode Array Elements in Quotes » Me Like Dev] | ||
方法2: 使用 [http://www.sublimetext.com/ Sublime Text] 或 [https://zh-tw.emeditor.com/ EmEditor] | |||
* Find: {{kbd | key = <nowiki>([^\s|,]+)</nowiki>}} | |||
* 分隔符號 | |||
**「單引號」相隔每個元素 Replace with: {{kbd | key = <nowiki>'\1'</nowiki>}} | |||
**「雙引號」相隔每個元素 Replace with: {{kbd | key = <nowiki>"\1"</nowiki>}} | |||
方法3: 使用 [https://notepad-plus-plus.org/ Notepad++]。啟用搜尋模式的「用類型表式」 | |||
* Find: {{kbd | key = <nowiki>([^\s|,]+)</nowiki>}} | |||
* 分隔符號 | |||
**「單引號」相隔每個元素 Replace with: {{kbd | key = <nowiki>'$1'</nowiki>}} | |||
**「雙引號」相隔每個元素 Replace with: {{kbd | key = <nowiki>"$1"</nowiki>}} | |||
<div style="float: left; width: 100%; position: relative; display: block; clear: left;"> | |||
<div style="width: 46%; float: left; margin:0 auto; position: relative; display: block; "> | |||
==== 將每行的文字,都加上引號框起來,並且移除換行 ==== | |||
<pre> | |||
// before | |||
Elmo | |||
Emie | |||
Granny Bird | |||
// after | |||
'Elmo', 'Emie', 'Granny Bird' | |||
</pre> | |||
方法1: 使用 [http://www.sublimetext.com/ Sublime Text] 或 [https://zh-tw.emeditor.com/ EmEditor]。該方法有處理每行的前面或後面可能有一格或多格空白 | |||
* Find what: {{kbd | key = <nowiki>(\S+)(\s?)+$\n</nowiki>}} | |||
* Replace with: {{kbd | key = <nowiki>'\1', </nowiki>}} <br />(如果要使用雙引號框起來,則是 Replace with: {{kbd | key = <nowiki>"\1", </nowiki>}}) | |||
方法2: 使用 [http://www.sublimetext.com/ Sublime Text] 或 [https://zh-tw.emeditor.com/ EmEditor] {{exclaim}} 該方法沒有處理每行的後面可能有一格或多格空白 | |||
* Find what: {{kbd | key = <nowiki>(.*)$\n</nowiki>}} 或 {{kbd | key = <nowiki>(\S+)$\n</nowiki>}} 或 {{kbd | key = <nowiki>(\S+)\n</nowiki>}} | |||
* Replace with: {{kbd | key = <nowiki>'\1', </nowiki>}} | |||
</div> | |||
<div style="width: 46%; float: left; margin:0 auto; position: absolute; display: block; left: 54%; top: 0;"> | |||
==== 將引號框起來的文字,還原成逐行顯示,並且移除分隔符號 (,) ==== | |||
<pre> | |||
// before | |||
'Elmo', 'Emie', 'Granny Bird' | |||
// after | |||
Elmo | |||
Emie | |||
Granny Bird | |||
</pre> | |||
方法: 使用 [http://www.sublimetext.com/ Sublime Text] 或 [https://zh-tw.emeditor.com/ EmEditor]。該方法有處理每行的前面或後面可能有一格或多格空白 | |||
* Find what: {{kbd | key = <nowiki>'(([^,|^'])+)',?\s?</nowiki>}} | |||
* Replace with: {{kbd | key = <nowiki>\1\n</nowiki>}} | |||
</div> | |||
</div> | |||
<div style="clear:both;"> </div> | |||
=== 將試算表欄位值前後,加上雙引號框起來 === | |||
* [https://errerrors.blogspot.com/2019/03/how-to-enclose-non-empty-cell-with-double-quotes-in-google-spreadsheet.html Google 試算表的文字類型欄位值的前後加上雙引號] | |||
=== 尋找中文、非英文的文字 === | |||
適用: Google Drive 試算表的 Regular expression 相關函數,例如: [https://support.google.com/docs/answer/3098292?hl=zh-Hant REGEXMATCH]、[https://support.google.com/docs/answer/3098244?hl=en REGEXEXTRACT]、[https://support.google.com/docs/answer/3098245?hl=zh-Hant RegExReplace] 函數、Notepad++的搜尋 | |||
<pre> | |||
[^\x00-\x80]+ | |||
</pre> | |||
適用: [https://zh-tw.libreoffice.org/ LibreOffice] [https://help.libreoffice.org/6.2/en-US/text/scalc/01/func_regex.html REGEX] function<ref>[https://help.libreoffice.org/6.2/en-US/text/shared/01/02100001.html?&DbPAR=WRITER&System=MAC List of Regular Expressions]</ref>、Total commander 的 Multi-Rename tool<ref>取代非英文的文字,但是不包含 . 符號: <nowiki>[^\u0000-\u0080|.]+ </nowiki></ref><ref>[http://stackoverflow.com/questions/150033/regular-expression-to-match-non-english-characters javascript - Regular expression to match non-english characters? - Stack Overflow]</ref> | |||
<pre> | |||
[^\u0000-\u0080]+ | |||
</pre> | |||
尋找欄位值包含中文字,適用: MySQL<ref>[https://stackoverflow.com/questions/9795137/how-to-detect-rows-with-chinese-characters-in-mysql How to detect rows with chinese characters in MySQL? - Stack Overflow]</ref> | |||
<pre> | |||
SELECT `column_name` | |||
FROM `table_name` | |||
WHERE HEX(`column_name`) REGEXP '^(..)*(E[4-9])'; | |||
</pre> | |||
尋找欄位值包含中文字,中文字包含繁體中文與簡體中文,不包含特殊符號,例如 Emoji:{{kbd | key = ⭐}}。 | |||
PHP: | |||
<pre> | |||
// approach 1 | |||
if (preg_match('/^[\x{4e00}-\x{9fa5}]+$/u', $string)) { | |||
echo "全部文字都是中文字" . PHP_EOL; | |||
}else{ | |||
echo "部分文字不是中文字" . PHP_EOL; | |||
} | |||
// approach 2 | |||
if (preg_match('/^[\p{Han}]+$/u', $string)) { | |||
echo "全部文字都是中文字" . PHP_EOL; | |||
}else{ | |||
echo "部分文字不是中文字" . PHP_EOL; | |||
} | |||
</pre> | |||
技術問題除錯: | |||
* 錯誤訊息:<pre>preg_match(): Compilation failed: character value in \x{} or \o{} is too large at offset 8</pre> | |||
解決方式: [http://php.net/manual/en/function.preg-match.php preg_match()] 需要加上 {{kbd | key = u }} 變數<ref>[https://stackoverflow.com/questions/32375531/preg-match-compilation-failed-character-value-in-x-or-o-is-too-large-a php - preg_match(): Compilation failed: character value in \x{} or \o{} is too large at offset 27 on line number 25 - Stack Overflow]</ref>。 | |||
參考資料: | |||
* [http://blog.csdn.net/tinyletero/article/details/8201465 unicode编码 \u4e00-\u9fa5 匹配所有中文 - CSDN博客] | |||
* [https://stackoverflow.com/questions/38168419/codeigniter-form-validation-for-chinese-words php - CodeIgniter Form Validation for Chinese Words - Stack Overflow] | |||
=== 將每行文字的行頭加上逗號符號 === | |||
使用notepad++軟體 | |||
# 選單: 尋找 -> 取代 | |||
# 搜尋模式: 勾選「用類型表示」 | |||
## 尋找目標: {{kbd | key=(.*)}} 或者是 {{kbd | key=^(.*)$}} | |||
## 取代成: {{kbd | key=,\1}} 或者是 {{kbd | key=,$1}}。 | |||
參考資料: [http://stackoverflow.com/questions/8413237/notepad-regex-search-replace-how-to-append-and-prepend-a-character-at-start-a Notepad++ RegEx Search/Replace: How to append and prepend a character at start and end of each file line? - Stack Overflow] | |||
=== 知道前面跟後面的文字,但是中間文字忘記了 === | |||
使用notepad++軟體 | |||
# 選單: 尋找 -> 取代 | |||
# 搜尋模式: 勾選「用類型表示」 | |||
## 尋找目標: {{kbd | key=a(.*)le}} 就可以找到(1)apple (2)apps lesson ... 等a開頭、le結尾的文字,中間可夾雜空白。 {{exclaim}} 中文字串搜尋,建議將文件的編碼改成 UTF-8 編碼 | |||
=== 移除空白行 === | |||
<pre> | |||
# (原) 每行可能間隔一行空白或多行空白 | |||
尼歐 | |||
崔妮蒂 | |||
莫斐斯 | |||
史密斯 | |||
祭師 | |||
# (後) 改成每行逐行緊接著 | |||
尼歐 | |||
崔妮蒂 | |||
莫斐斯 | |||
史密斯 | |||
祭師 | |||
</pre> | |||
移除一行空白或多行空白( 行內可能包含一個或多個空白字元 {{kbd | key= SPACE}} 、定位鍵{{kbd | key= TAB}}) | |||
* 使用工具: 適用 Sublime Text 與 EmEditor 軟體,需勾選「使用規則運算式」。{{exclaim}} 以下語法不適用於 Notepad++ 軟體<ref>[http://www.sitepoint.com/forums/showthread.php?448843-Regex-delete-multiple-blank-lines Regex: delete multiple blank lines]</ref> | |||
** 尋找: {{kbd | key=<nowiki>^[\s\t]*$\n</nowiki>}} --> 取代為: 空 (不需要輸入任何字) | |||
* 使用工具: Notepad++ | |||
** Notepad++ 軟體選單: 編輯 -> 行列 -> 移除空行(含空白字元 {{kbd | key= SPACE}} )<ref>[http://stackoverflow.com/questions/3866034/removing-empty-lines-in-notepad regex - Removing empty lines in Notepad++ - Stack Overflow]</ref> | |||
* 詳細說明,請見 [[Regular replace blank lines]] | |||
=== 尋找非空白的文字 === | |||
* 尋找: {{kbd | key=<nowiki>[^\s]+</nowiki>}} [https://regex101.com/r/zH7wV3/1 online demo] | |||
=== 將特定符號相隔的文字,改成逐行顯示 === | |||
例子: | |||
<pre> | |||
# (原) 頓號(、)符號相隔的文字 | |||
尼歐、莫斐斯、崔妮蒂、史密斯、祭師 | |||
# (後) 改成逐行顯示 | |||
尼歐 | |||
莫斐斯 | |||
崔妮蒂 | |||
史密斯 | |||
祭師 | |||
</pre> | |||
使用 [http://www.sublimetext.com/ Sublime Text] 或 [https://zh-tw.emeditor.com/ EmEditor] | |||
* Find: {{kbd | key = <nowiki>([^、]+)([、]{1})</nowiki>}} | |||
* Replace with: {{kbd | key = <nowiki>\1\n</nowiki>}} | |||
語法說明 | |||
* <nowiki>[^、]</nowiki> : 符合任意字,但不是頓號(、)的文字 | |||
* <nowiki>[^、]+</nowiki> : 一次以上不是頓號(、)的文字 | |||
* <nowiki>([^、]+)</nowiki> : 符合「一次以上不是頓號(、)的文字」規則的文字 | |||
* <nowiki>[、]</nowiki>: 出現頓號(、)任意次的文字 | |||
* <nowiki>[、]{1}</nowiki> : 出現頓號(、)一次的文字 | |||
* <nowiki>([、]{1})</nowiki> : 符合「出現頓號(、)一次的文字」規則的文字 | |||
=== 將每行文字的結尾處,加入空一格 (半形空白) === | |||
法1: 適用軟體: Sublime Text, EmEditor | |||
# Menu: Search -> Replace | |||
# click "Use Regular Expression" | |||
## Find: {{kbd | key = <nowiki>\n</nowiki>}} | |||
## Replace with: {{kbd | key = <nowiki>_\n</nowiki>}}(符號 {{kbd | key = <nowiki>\n</nowiki>}} 前面的 _ 自行替換成半形空白) | |||
# click "Replace all" | |||
法2: 適用軟體: Sublime Text, EmEditor | |||
# Menu: Search -> Replace | |||
# click "Use Regular Expression" | |||
## Find: {{kbd | key = <nowiki>$</nowiki>}} | |||
## Replace with: {{kbd | key = <nowiki>_$</nowiki>}}(符號 {{kbd | key = <nowiki>$</nowiki>}} 前面的 _ 自行替換成半形空白) | |||
# click "Replace all" | |||
{{exclaim}} 需要檢查最後一行是否是空白行,如果不是空白行,不會套用到該取代規則 | |||
=== 將每行文字內夾雜的空白,取代成 Tab 符號 === | |||
將原本空白間隔的欄位值,取代成 Tab鍵間隔的欄位值。輸出結果可以方便貼到 MS Excel 或 [[Google spreadsheet]]。 | |||
<pre># \t 代表是 Tab 鍵,又稱定位鍵 | |||
# before | |||
aaa bbb ccc | |||
# after | |||
aaa\tbbb\tccc | |||
</pre> | |||
說明: \S 代表非空白字元, \r\n 代表[[Return symbol | 換行符號]]。[^\S\r\n] 則代表不是非空白字元、也不是換行符號。換句話說尋找空白,但不包含換行符號。 | |||
使用 Sublime Text 軟體 (參考資料<ref>[http://www.techrepublic.com/blog/microsoft-office/quickly-replace-multiple-space-characters-with-a-tab-character/ Quickly replace multiple space characters with a tab character - TechRepublic]</ref> <ref>[http://stackoverflow.com/questions/3469080/match-whitespace-but-not-newlines-perl regex - Match whitespace but not newlines (Perl) - Stack Overflow]</ref>) | |||
# Menu: Search -> Replace | |||
# click "Use Regular Expression" | |||
## Find: {{kbd | key = <nowiki>([^\S\n]+)</nowiki>}} 或 {{kbd | key = <nowiki>([^\S\r\n]+)</nowiki>}} 或 {{kbd | key = <nowiki>\s\s+</nowiki>}} 或 {{kbd | key = <nowiki>_{1,}</nowiki>}} ( 自行替換 _ 成半形空白) {{exclaim}} 因為 {{kbd | key = <nowiki>\s</nowiki>}} 包含了空白與換行字元,所以不能直接使用 {{kbd | key = <nowiki>\s+</nowiki>}} 當做搜尋條件 | |||
## Replace with: {{kbd | key = <nowiki>\t</nowiki>}} | |||
# click "Replace all" | |||
=== 移除每行文字前後面可能多個的空白 === | |||
==== 移除每行文字最前面可能多個的空白 ==== | |||
* 尋找: {{kbd | key = <nowiki>^\s+</nowiki>}} --> 取代為: 空白 (適用軟體: Sublime Text、EmEditor,需啟用 "Use Regular Expression" ) | |||
<pre># before | |||
aaa | |||
bbb | |||
ccc | |||
# after | |||
aaa | |||
bbb | |||
ccc | |||
</pre> | |||
==== 移除每行文字最後面可能多個的空白 ==== | |||
* 尋找: {{kbd | key = <nowiki>\s+$</nowiki>}} --> 取代為: 空白 (適用軟體: Sublime Text、EmEditor,需啟用 "Use Regular Expression" ) | |||
==== 移除每行文字前面或後面可能多個的空白 ==== | |||
* 尋找: {{kbd | key = <nowiki>(^\s+|\s+$)</nowiki>}} --> 取代為: 空白 (適用軟體: Sublime Text、EmEditor,需啟用 "Use Regular Expression" ) | |||
=== 尋找包含不是數字,是文字的行 === | |||
預期每行資料都是數字,尋找包含不是數字,是文字的行 | |||
<pre> | |||
[^\d|\n] | |||
</pre> | |||
=== 尋找 Hashtag === | |||
[[Extract all hashtags from text]] | |||
=== 尋找文章內容中的網址 === | |||
[[Regular extract url from text]] | |||
=== 尋找數字 === | |||
請參考 [[Data cleaning#Numeric]] | |||
=== 尋找文章內容中的長數字 === | |||
[[Extract large number from text]] | |||
=== Search unmatched string === | |||
find un-commented console.log: | |||
original format: some lines contains un-commented [[Javascript debug]] information | |||
<pre> | |||
console.log("un-commented debug information"); | |||
//console.log("commented debug information"); | |||
</pre> | |||
Search pattern: find not started with the / symbol before the string "console.log" | |||
<pre> | |||
[^/](console\.log) | |||
</pre> | |||
== Regular expression batch tools == | |||
'''multiple''' regular expression operations on the same file | |||
* {{Gd}} [https://github.com/facelessuser/RegReplace RegReplace] 執行多個取代命令 "Simple find and replace sequencer plugin for Sublime Text" Quoted from official webpage. {{access | date=2014-10-25}} | |||
* ''$'' [https://www.emeditor.com/text-editor-features/more-features/batch-replace/ EmEditor (Text Editor) - Batch Replace] & [https://zh-tw.emeditor.com/text-editor-features/coding/regular-expressions/ EmEditor (文字編輯器) | 規則運算式] | |||
one regular expression operations on '''multiple''' files | |||
* ''$'' [https://www.emeditor.com/text-editor-features/more-features/find-replace/ EmEditor (Text Editor) | Find and Replace] | |||
== syntax == | == syntax == | ||
Line 81: | Line 583: | ||
* tab鍵的固定空白分隔: \t (適用: Notepad++選項: 增強模式) | * tab鍵的固定空白分隔: \t (適用: Notepad++選項: 增強模式) | ||
* 數字: \d (適用: Notepad++選項: 用類型表式。{{exclaim}} 不適用: Notepad++選項: 增強模式) | * 數字: \d (適用: Notepad++選項: 用類型表式。{{exclaim}} 不適用: Notepad++選項: 增強模式) | ||
* {{kbd | key=<nowiki>\S</nowiki>}} 非空白的文字: 不會含括半形空白與全行空白 | |||
== Troubleshooting of regular expression == | |||
Tips | |||
* Small data test: (1) Prepare the small file data to verify the syntax (2) Using the [[Regular_expression#Regular_expression_online_tools | online tools]] | |||
* Highlight or output the matched text e.g. {{kbd | key=<nowiki>--color</nowiki>}}<ref>[https://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/howto-use-grep-command-in-linux-unix/grep_command_examples/ Grep -color command Examples - nixCraft]</ref> for grep command or output the matches by PHP [http://php.net/manual/en/function.preg-match.php preg_match()] function. | |||
* Simplify the syntax | |||
* Because the compatibility issue, you may try to use the alternative syntax e.g. {{kbd | key=<nowiki>\d</nowiki>}} to {{kbd | key=<nowiki>[0-9]+</nowiki>}}. | |||
Related articles | |||
* [https://errerrors.blogspot.com/2015/07/sublime-text-invalid-lookbehind.html Err: 解決 Sublime Text 正則表示式搜尋,遇到的「Invalid lookbehind assertion」錯誤] | |||
== further reading == | == further reading == | ||
* [http://sourceforge.net/apps/mediawiki/notepad-plus/index.php?title=Searching_And_Replacing SourceForge.net: Searching And Replacing - notepad-plus], [http://sourceforge.net/apps/mediawiki/notepad-plus/index.php?title=Regular_Expressions SourceForge.net: Regular Expressions - notepad-plus] | * [http://sourceforge.net/apps/mediawiki/notepad-plus/index.php?title=Searching_And_Replacing SourceForge.net: Searching And Replacing - notepad-plus], [http://sourceforge.net/apps/mediawiki/notepad-plus/index.php?title=Regular_Expressions SourceForge.net: Regular Expressions - notepad-plus] | ||
* [http://stackoverflow.com/questions/23020856/text-extraction-with-sublime-text regex - text extraction with sublime text - Stack Overflow] {{access | date=2014-09-26}} | |||
* [https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%AD%A3%E5%88%99%E8%A1%A8%E8%BE%BE%E5%BC%8F 正規表示式 - 維基百科,自由的百科全書] | |||
* [http://www.regular-expressions.info/ Regular-Expressions.info - Regex Tutorial, Examples and Reference - Regexp Patterns] | |||
* [http://linux.vbird.org/linux_basic/0320bash.php 鳥哥的 Linux 私房菜 -- 第十章、認識與學習BASH] {{access | date = 2016-06-08}} | |||
* [https://stackoverflow.com/questions/3548453/negative-matching-using-grep-match-lines-that-do-not-contain-foo Negative matching using grep (match lines that do not contain foo) - Stack Overflow] {{access | date = 2018-04-06}} | |||
* [https://support.google.com/a/answer/1371415?hl=zh-Hant 規則運算式的語法 - G Suite 管理員說明] {{access | date = 2018-12-06}} | |||
unicode | |||
* [http://www.regular-expressions.info/unicode.html Regex Tutorial - Unicode Characters and Properties] {{access | date = 2014-04-02}} | |||
* [http://php.net/manual/en/regexp.reference.unicode.php PHP: Unicode character properties - Manual] {{access | date = 2014-04-02}} | |||
references | |||
<references/> | |||
== 替代方案 == | == 替代方案 == | ||
Line 93: | Line 618: | ||
* Copy to MS Excel 2002 from Google Docs: ok | * Copy to MS Excel 2002 from Google Docs: ok | ||
[[Category: | |||
{{Template:Troubleshooting}} | |||
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