MySQL commands: Difference between revisions
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==== ERROR 1044 (42000): Access denied for user 'USER'@'localhost' to database 'DATABASE_NAME' ==== | ==== ERROR 1044 (42000): Access denied for user 'USER'@'localhost' to database 'DATABASE_NAME' ==== | ||
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<pre> | <pre> | ||
pv file.sql.gz | gunzip | mysql -u USER -p --host=127.0.0.1 --default_character_set utf8 DATABASE_NAME | pv file.sql.gz | gunzip | mysql -u USER -p --host=127.0.0.1 --default_character_set utf8 DATABASE_NAME |
Revision as of 15:18, 2 May 2017
MySQL commands and troubleshooting of MySQL errors.
Preparation
install MySQL database client apps contains mysql & mysqldump commands
- Linux :
- Win : Install (1) Cygwin, (2) search mysql & install MySQL database clients apps package
- Mac : Install XAMPP. Path of mysql executable file is: /Applications/xampp/xamppfiles/bin/mysql
(optional) install the Pipe Viewer (pv) package
- Linux :
- How to Enable RPMForge Repository in RHEL/CentOS 7.x/6.x/5.x/4.x
- (1)yum install pv for RHEL / CentOS / SL / Fedora Linux[1]; (2) apt-get install pv for Debian / Ubuntu[2];
- Win : Install (1) Cygwin, (2) search pv & install pv package
- Mac : Install (1) brew install pv to get the latest version of pv package[3] and (2) MySQL database clients from XAMPP. Path of mysql is: /Applications/xampp/xamppfiles/bin/mysql
create the db user
- create the db user
- grant the minimum permission: SELECT, LOCK TABLES to the db user. SQL query: GRANT SELECT, LOCK TABLES ON `DATA\_BASE\_NAME`.* TO 'dbuser'@'localhost';[4]
- the db user will be able to execute the mysqldump command
Exporting data of database/table into MySql sql file
Exporting entire data
method1: export the compressed *.sql file (especially for BIG sql file). It will show a progress bar and estimated time to complete the mysqldump[5][6][7]:
- (optional) install pv if the pv was not installed
- (for InnoDB tables)mysqldump -h localhost -u username -p --force --single-transaction --default-character-set=utf8 DATA_BASE_NAME | pv | gzip -c > database.sql.gz [8][9] and press Enter
- ask to enter password and press Enter
optional: Append the Today's date to file name
- On Linux : (for InnoDB tables)mysqldump -h localhost -u username -p --force --single-transaction --default-character-set=utf8 DATA_BASE_NAME | pv | gzip -c > database.sql.$(date +"%y%m%d").gz
method2: Bulk export individual tables into the multiple compressed *.sql files
mysqldump -h localhost -u username -pPASSWORD --force --single-transaction --default-character-set=utf8 DB_NAME TABLE_1 | pv | gzip -c > table_1.sql.gz mysqldump -h localhost -u username -pPASSWORD --force --single-transaction --default-character-set=utf8 DB_NAME TABLE_2 | pv | gzip -c > table_2.sql.gz
note: the last line of above part is return symbol. The last command will not be executed automatically without the return symbol.
method3: export the *.sql file. It will show a progress bar and estimated time to complete the mysqldump [10]:
- (optional if the pv was not installed) yum install pv for RHEL / CentOS / SL / Fedora Linux
- (for InnoDB tables)mysqldump -h localhost -u username -p --force --single-transaction --default-character-set=utf8 DATA_BASE_NAME | pv > database.sql and press Enter
- enter password and press Enter
method4: export the *.sql file
- mysqldump -h localhost -u username -p --single-transaction --default-character-set=utf8 DATA-BASE-NAME > /path/to/database.sql
method5: Using phpmyadmin to export the database. But I found the number rows of table after imported was not the same with the number rows of original table once.
Exporting selected data
mysqldump - Append MYSQL dump to a table - Stack Overflow [Last visited: 2016-06-29]
Potential failure issue
- insufficient hard-disk space
Importing data from MySql sql file
Notice: existing database will be overwritten
method 1: Import the compressed *.sql file with gzip (especially for BIG sql file). It will show a progress bar and estimated time to complete the mysql command:
- (optional) install pv if the pv was not installed for RHEL / CentOS / SL / Fedora Linux
- Check if the file is gzip format (test the compressed file integrity) ex: (1) gunzip -t database.sql.gz If not, it will return the message "gzip: database.sql.gz: not in gzip format." (2) Using WinMD5 Free for Win or md5sum command for Linux to obtain MD5 checksum of files.
- pv database.sql.gz | gunzip | mysql -u username -p -h localhost --default_character_set utf8 --force DATA_BASE_NAME [11] and press Enter
- enter password and press Enter The console window will show ETA (Estimated Time of Arrival)
method 2: Import *.sql file:
- (optional if the .sql file was compressed) unzip data.zip or gzip -d data.gz if the file was compressed by gzip
- mysql -u username -p -h localhost --default_character_set utf8 --force DATA_BASE_NAME < data.sql [12] and press Enter
- enter password and press Enter
method 3: Import the *.sql file (especially for BIG sql file). It will show a progress bar and estimated time to complete the mysql command[13]:
- (optional if the pv was not installed) yum install pv for RHEL / CentOS / SL / Fedora Linux
- pv data.sql | mysql -u username -p -h localhost --default_character_set utf8 --force DATA_BASE_NAME [14] and press Enter
- enter password and press Enter The console window will show ETA (Estimated Time of Arrival)
method 4: Import ZIP file to MySql directly:
- (optional if the 7Zip was not installed) yum install p7zip
- 7za x -so data.zip | mysql -u username -p -h localhost --default_character_set utf8 --force DATA_BASE_NAME [15][16] and press Enter
- enter password and press Enter
Synchronizing databases
Synchronizing two MySQL databases:
- HeidiSQL - MySQL, MSSQL and PostgreSQL made easy v.9.4.0.5125 for Win , Mac & Linux
- Steps: Choose the database or table --> Export database as SQL --> Output: Select the mysql server connection
- Scheduler: Not available[17] . Manually synchronizing databases between two different servers.
- Replication
- Steps:
- Scheduler: Auto .
- $ SQLyog v.12.4.0 for Win .
- Steps: Menu --> Powertools --> Database Synchronization Wizard
- Scheduler: Available . Save the job file & Schedule it using Windows scheduler.
Transfer date from MS SQL server to MySQL server:
- $ SQLyog for Win . Use a query to specify the data to transfer from MS SQL server into MySQL server.
Show the MySQL process list & kill the process
Show the MySQL process list & kill the process (especial for SLOW query command)[18]
- mysql -h HOST -u ACCOUNT -p
- And keyin the PASSWORD of your MySQL ACCOUNT. The first character will be changed to mysql> from $ or #
- mysql>
- SHOW FULL PROCESSLIST\G to show the process list
- SHOW PROCESSLIST\G to show the brief process list
- mysql> kill 101; to kill the process with Id number: 101
- mysql> exit; to leave the MySQL command.
Troubleshooting of MySQL
command not found: mysqldump
- locate the mysqldump command
- sudo find / -iname mysqldump for Mac or Linux
- If you installed
- XAMPP for Mac : Entire path is /Applications/XAMPP/xamppfiles/bin/mysqldump
- XAMPP on X disk for Win : Entire path is X:\xampp\mysql\bin\mysqldump.exe
- MAMP & MAMP PRO for Mac : Entire path is /Applications/MAMP/Library/bin/mysqldump
- input the complete path of mysqldump command
- old command which caused error mysqldump -h 127.0.0.1 -u root -p --force --single-transaction DATABASE_NAME | pv | gzip -c > DATABASE_NAME.sql.gz
- new command /Applications/XAMPP/xamppfiles/bin/mysqldump -h 127.0.0.1 -u root -p --force --single-transaction DATABASE_NAME | pv | gzip -c > DATABASE_NAME.sql.gz
could not access the mysql log
Version: XAMPP 5.6.15-1 on Mac
Cause:
- the error log only be accessed by the mysql user
Solution [19]:
find the path to the mysql log $ ls /Applications/XAMPP/xamppfiles/var/mysql/*.local.err find the file name of mysql log ex: XXXMacBook-Pro.local.err set the permission of log $ sudo chmod 774 /Applications/XAMPP/xamppfiles/var/mysql/XXXMacBook-Pro.local.err
could not open single-table tablespace file filename.ibd
Version: XAMPP 5.6.15-1 on Mac
Condition: The Mac was shutdown accidentally and the database was not shutdown normally. After reboot the Mac, unable to start the MySQL service[20][21].
Possible solution:
- Edit the MySQL configuration file located: /Applications/XAMPP/xamppfiles/etc/my.cnf
- Add this line: innodb_force_recovery = 1
- Try to start the MySQL service
- If the MySQL service started successfully, edit the MySQL configuration file and mark this line : #innodb_force_recovery = 1
- Restart the MySQL service
ERROR 1005 (HY000) at line xx: Can't create table 'TABLE_NAME' (errno: 28)
Solutions
- Check if the disk space where mysql data folder located is enough. e.g. Input df -h on Linux
- More on mysql - ERROR 1005 (HY000): Can't create table (errno: 150) - Stack Overflow.
ERROR 1006 (HY000): Can't create database 'DATABASE_NAME' (errno: 28)
Solutions
- Check if the disk space where mysql data folder located is enough. e.g. Input df -h on Linux
- More on ERROR 1006 (HY000) Can't create database (errno: 13) MySQL 5.6.12 - Stack Overflow.
ERROR 1017 - Can't find file: '.\DATABASE\TABLE.frm' (errno: 22 - Invalid argument)
Message: [Err] 1017 - Can't find file: '.\DATABASE\TABLE.frm' (errno: 22 - Invalid argument)
Solutions
- Check the existence of file DATABASE\TABLE.frm. If not, you may need to create the TABLE before executed the MySQL query.
- Check the permission of file DATABASE\TABLE.frm or folder which the file located[22][23]. unverified
ERROR 1044 (42000): Access denied for user 'USER'@'localhost' to database 'DATABASE_NAME'
Message:
pv file.sql.gz | gunzip | mysql -u USER -p --host=127.0.0.1 --default_character_set utf8 DATABASE_NAME ERROR 1044 (42000): Access denied for user 'USER'@'localhost' to database 'DATABASE_NAME'
Solution:
- Check the permission of specified user name & database name
ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user 'user'@'localhost' (using password: YES)
Solution:
- Check the typo of user name.
- Check the typo of password.
- If you are using the console command, escape the password if it contains special characters e.g. mysql -u root -p'PASSWORD'[24]
- You may need to delete the existing account setting and re-config again.
ERROR 1054 - Unknown column in 'where clause'
Message: [Err] 1054 - Unknown column 'xxx' in 'where clause'
Solution:
- check the column name 'xxx' if exists
- if the column name 'xxx' was computed by the User-Defined Variables. Enclosed the whole query into another parent derived query.
-- The query which met the error message: [Err] 1054 - Unknown column 'rank' in 'where clause' SELECT semi.*, IF(semi.id = semi.prev, @rank := @rank +1, @rank := 1 ) AS `rank` FROM ( ... ) semi WHERE semi.rank <= 10
Enclosed the whole query into another parent derived query.
SELECT final.* FROM ( SELECT semi.*, IF(semi.id = semi.prev, @rank := @rank +1, @rank := 1 ) AS `rank` FROM ( ... ) semi ) final WHERE final.rank <= 10
ERROR 1114 (HY000): The table `TABLE_NAME` is full
Possible solution
- Because the partition is full or almost full, free some hard-disk space[25].
ERROR 1827 (HY000): The password hash doesn't have the expected format. Check if the correct password algorithm is being used with the PASSWORD() function.
Wrong sql query as follows:
CREATE USER 'test'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY PASSWORD 'my_password';
Solution: (1) Check if the account was created or not
SELECT User,Host FROM mysql.user;
(2a) If the account was created, set the password for the account.
SET PASSWORD FOR 'test'@'localhost' = PASSWORD('my_password');
(2b) If the account was NOT created, re-create the account.
CREATE USER 'test'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'my_password';
references
- MySQL :: MySQL 5.7 Reference Manual :: 14.7.1.2 CREATE USER Syntax
- MySQL :: MySQL 5.7 Reference Manual :: 14.7.1.7 SET PASSWORD Syntax
- MySQL :: MySQL 5.7 Reference Manual :: 14.7.1.3 DROP USER Syntax
ERROR 2002 (HY000): Can't connect to local MySQL server through socket '/var/run/mysql.sock'
Condition on Cygwin terminal of Windows:
$ mysql -u root -p Enter password: ERROR 2002 (HY000): Can't connect to local MySQL server through socket '/var/run/mysql.sock' (2) $ mysql -h localhost -u root -p Enter password: ERROR 2002 (HY000): Can't connect to local MySQL server through socket '/var/run/mysql.sock' (2)
Solution:
- Change -h localhost to -h 127.0.0.1
$ mysql -h 127.0.0.1 -u root -p
ERROR 2003 (HY000): Can't connect to MySQL server on '127.0.0.1' (111 "Connection refused")
Solution:
- Check if the MySQL service is running or not[26]. If not, start the MySQL service.
ERROR 2003 (HY000): Can't connect to MySQL server on 'IP' (116 "Connection timed out")
Solution:
- Check the permission of MySQL database user.
- Check the firewall rules. More on Install MySQL on CentOS 7 | ProfitBricks DevOps Central
- Check if your IP address was included in the allowed IP address list of firewall rules.
- Check if your IP address was changed by using What Is My IP Address? services.
References:
ERROR 2013: Lost connection to MySQL server during query
Message: Error Code: 2013. Lost connection to MySQL server during query
Condition: After executed the following query contains number of rows which exceed 1,000,000 rows, I met the error message 'Error Code: 2013. Lost connection to MySQL server during query'.
INSERT IGNORE INTO `target`.`table` SELECT * FROM `source`.`table`;
Solution:
- Increase the settings of (1) DBMS connection keep-alive interval (in seconds) & (2) DBMS connection read time out (in seconds) on MySQL Workbench [27][28]. And remember to restart the MySQL Workbench after the settings were modified.
- Reduce the number of rows to reduce the execution time (1) by using LIMIT clause (2) or by splitting the query size e.g. MOD(column, 2) = 0 & MOD(column, 2) > 0 if the column is numeric.
INSERT IGNORE INTO `target`.`table` SELECT * FROM `source`.`table` LIMIT 0, 10000;
error message:
[Msg] [Exp] Export to - test.xlsx [Err] [Row1048576] [Exp] OLE error 800A03EC [Err] [Row1048577] [Exp] OLE error 800A03EC [Err] [Row1048578] [Exp] OLE error 800A03EC [Err] [Row1048579] [Exp] OLE error 800A03EC
cause:
- Rows count of results exceed the Microsoft Excel Worksheet size: 1,048,576 rows
solution:
- LIMIT the rows of MySQL query
resolve insufficient hard disk space where mysql data located
further reading
- MySQL :: MySQL 5.7 Reference Manual :: B Errors, Error Codes, and Common Problems
- Forcing a mysqldump to always be nice to CPU and I/O | eosrei.net: using nice or ionice commands
- ionice command is not exists in cygwin
- DBAStuff: Mysql Dump and partitions [Last visited: 2016-01-01]
- MySQL :: MySQL 5.5 Reference Manual :: 7.2 Database Backup Methods [Last visited: 2016-06-29]
- SQL syntax debug
references
- ↑ Linux / Unix pv Command: Monitor Progress of Data Sent Via a Pipe
- ↑ ivarch.com: Pipe Viewer
- ↑ Pipe Viewer (pv) in Mac OSX
- ↑ security - Minimum permissions for a user to perform a mysqldump? - Server Fault
- ↑ mysql - How can I monitor the progress of an import of a large .sql file? - Database Administrators Stack Exchange
- ↑ MySQL :: MySQL 5.1 Reference Manual :: 4.5.4 mysqldump — A Database Backup Program
- ↑ backup - How can I slow down a MySQL dump as to not affect current load on the server? - Stack Overflow
- ↑ pv + gzip + mysql — W. Andrew Loe III: Journal
- ↑ (if have permission to LOCK TABLES)mysqldump -h localhost -u username -p DATA_BASE_NAME | pv | gzip -c > database.sql.gz (if have no permission to LOCK TABLES)mysqldump -h localhost -u username -p --lock-tables=false DATA_BASE_NAME | pv | gzip -c > database.sql.gz via mysql - Run MySQLDump without Locking Tables - Stack Overflow
- ↑ MySQL Import/Export Progress Bar - Kevin Warrington
- ↑ pv + gzip + mysql — W. Andrew Loe III: Journal
- ↑ Import MySQL Dumpfile, SQL Datafile Into My Database
- ↑ mysql - How can I monitor the progress of an import of a large .sql file? - Database Administrators Stack Exchange
- ↑ Import MySQL Dumpfile, SQL Datafile Into My Database
- ↑ database - Importing zipped files in Mysql using command line - Stack Overflow
- ↑ Install 7Zip on CentOS 5.5
- ↑ Schedule backups/exports
- ↑ MySQL :: MySQL 5.1 Reference Manual :: 13.7.5.31 SHOW PROCESSLIST Syntax
- ↑ Using the CHMOD command effectively @ Computer Plumber
- ↑ mysql - Error: could not open single-table tablespace file .\scrapers\records.ibd - Stack Overflow
- ↑ MySQL Won't Start - InnoDB Corruption and Recovery. - Chepri
- ↑ MySQL, copying tables files gives rise to "ERROR 1017 (HY000): Can't find file:" even though its there there - Stack Overflow
- ↑ ERROR 1017 (HY000): Can't find file - Percona Community
- ↑ escape characters - Escaping a password using mysqldump console - Super User
- ↑ mysql - ERROR 1114 (HY000): The table is full - Stack Overflow
- ↑ HowTo: Find out If MySQL Is Running On Linux Or Not
- ↑ How can I execute SQL queries that take longer 99,999 seconds on MySQL Workbench? - Stack Overflow
- ↑ Error Code: 2013. Lost connection to MySQL server during query - Stack Overflow