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* import *.sql file:  
* import *.sql file:  
*# {{kbd | key =  <nowiki>mysql -u username -p -h localhost DATA-BASE-NAME < data.sql</nowiki>}} <ref>[http://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/import-mysql-dumpfile-sql-datafile-into-my-database/ Import MySQL Dumpfile, SQL Datafile Into My Database]</ref> and press {{kbd | key =  <nowiki>Enter</nowiki> }}
*# {{kbd | key =  <nowiki>mysql -u username -p -h localhost DATA-BASE-NAME < data.sql</nowiki>}} <ref>[http://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/import-mysql-dumpfile-sql-datafile-into-my-database/ Import MySQL Dumpfile, SQL Datafile Into My Database]</ref> and press {{kbd | key =  <nowiki>Enter</nowiki> }}
*# enter {{kbd | key =  <nowiki>password</nowiki> }} and press {{kbd | key =  <nowiki>Enter</nowiki> }}
*# enter {{kbd | key =  <nowiki>DATA-BASE-PASSWORD</nowiki> }} and press {{kbd | key =  <nowiki>Enter</nowiki> }}
* import *.zip file:  
* import *.zip file:  
*# {{kbd | key = <nowiki>7za x -so data.zip | mysql -u username -p -h localhost DATA-BASE-NAME</nowiki>}} <ref>[http://stackoverflow.com/questions/11267309/importing-zipped-files-in-mysql-using-command-line database - Importing zipped files in Mysql using command line - Stack Overflow]</ref><ref>[http://needs-be.blogspot.tw/2011/01/install-7zip-on-centos-55.html Install 7Zip on CentOS 5.5]</ref> and press {{kbd | key =  <nowiki>Enter</nowiki> }}
*# {{kbd | key = <nowiki>7za x -so data.zip | mysql -u username -p -h localhost DATA-BASE-NAME</nowiki>}} <ref>[http://stackoverflow.com/questions/11267309/importing-zipped-files-in-mysql-using-command-line database - Importing zipped files in Mysql using command line - Stack Overflow]</ref><ref>[http://needs-be.blogspot.tw/2011/01/install-7zip-on-centos-55.html Install 7Zip on CentOS 5.5]</ref> and press {{kbd | key =  <nowiki>Enter</nowiki> }}
*# enter {{kbd | key =  <nowiki>password</nowiki> }} and press {{kbd | key =  <nowiki>Enter</nowiki> }}
*# enter {{kbd | key =  <nowiki>DATA-BASE-PASSWORD</nowiki> }} and press {{kbd | key =  <nowiki>Enter</nowiki> }}


== system operation ==
== system operation ==

Revision as of 16:02, 27 February 2013

(1) alternative Linux commands to complete the same task, (2) The equivalent or similar commands between Windows and Linux system.

help for command: Type command --help or man command (Linux )

text file manipulation

display the first lines of text file

  • head [options] filename (OS: Linux )
  • vi [options] filename (and press gg) (Linux )
  • vim [options] filename (and press gg) (Linux ); Open file and press gg for gVim (Win )

display the last few lines of text file

  • tail [options] filename (Linux )
  • vi [options] filename (and press G) (Linux )
  • vim [options] filename (and press G) (Linux ); Open file and press G for gVim (Win )
  • Tail for Win32 GUI interface (Win ) Icon_exclaim.gif not support Unicode file for v.4.2.6

Search text in file

  • (1)vim [options] filename (2)press /keyword (Linux )
  • grep: grep keyword file_name (Linux )

Search text in files

file operation

find a file

  • find (Linux ) ex: find / -name filename Find the file which naming filename Under the path / (root folder) [1]
  • dir (Win ) ex: dir /s filename [2][3] Icon_exclaim.gif I have no idea to specify the file path to find the file.

copy old directory to new directory

  • cp -a old_dir new_dir/ (Linux )
  • copy /Y old_dir new_dir/ (Win )[4]
  • make new directory & copy all old files to new directory
    • mkdir new_dir
    • cp old_dir/* new_dir

download file from remote server

  • FTP
  • wget: wget http://path.to/file
  • SVN update su - www -c "svn up http://remote.svn.server/path/ /local/path/ --username=your_account --password=xxx"
  • more on File transfer methods


delete files or directory

  • rm -rf /Name_of_directory (Linux )[5]
  • del Name_of_directory (Win )
    • After executed del Name_of_directory but the empty directory directory_name will be left.
    • Command delete is not available in Win XP

rename (move) files or directory

  • mv old_folder_name new_folder_name (Linux )[6]
  • rename old_folder_name new_folder_name (Win )[7]

list directory or files / list directory contents

  • ls (Linux ) ex: ls -lh List detailed information of files [8] [9]
  • dir (Win ) ex: dir/s/b

show the current directory

  • pwd(Linux )
  • echo %cd%(Win ) [10]

network

show ip

  • ifconfig (Linux )[11][12]
  • ipconfig/all (Win )

ping Icon_exclaim.gif You may got no response if the server was disabled the ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol) response.

  • ping domain_or_ip (Linux )
  • ping domain_or_ip -t (Win )

whois: search the information of domain (related: Domain Name Register)

apache operation

check apache servie is running or not

  • service --status-all | grep -i httpd (Linux [13][14])
  • netstat -npl | grep httpd for Linux [15]
  • netstat -an | find /i "listening" (Win ) find the local open ports & find local address TCP 0.0.0.0:80 is listening[16]
  • more on connection test...

check which mpm (multi processing module) apache is running

  • httpd -l (Linux & Win ) ex: Linux /usr/local/httpd/bin/httpd -l or Win x:\apache\bin>httpd -l where x:\apache is the installation folder of apache [17]


mysql operation

import mysql sql dump file

  • import *.sql file:
    1. mysql -u username -p -h localhost DATA-BASE-NAME < data.sql [18] and press Enter
    2. enter DATA-BASE-PASSWORD and press Enter
  • import *.zip file:
    1. 7za x -so data.zip | mysql -u username -p -h localhost DATA-BASE-NAME [19][20] and press Enter
    2. enter DATA-BASE-PASSWORD and press Enter

system operation

show current time

  • date (Linux ) output: Thu Oct 25 15:05:10 CST 2012 [21]
  • date/t (Win )
output:
OS in English: Thu 05/03/2012
OS in Chinese: 2012/05/03 星期四

specify the location where Linux or MS-DOS looks when using a command

  • echo $PATH (Linux )[22]
  • echo %PATH% (Win )[23]

reboot the system/server

  • reboot (Linux )[24]
  • shutdown -r (Win )[25]

OS version

  • lsb_release -a (Linux )[26]
  • ver (Win )[27]

Search text of command output

  • linux command | grep string (Linux ) ex: keyin yum list installed | grep tar to search the installed package naming tar.[28]
  • Windows command | find "string" (Win ) ex: netstat -a | find "3306" (note: enclose string in double quotation marks)[29]

help for command

view the documentation for this command

  • command --help or man command (Linux )
  • command /? (Win )

emergency exit

  • ctrl+c or ctrl+break (Linux & Win )
  • Pause/Break (Linux ) ex: I pressed the key to leave from the warning message "Vim: Warning: Output is not to a terminal".

references

  1. ↑ Tips For Linux - How to find files in Linux using 'find'
  2. ↑ How to find a file in MS-DOS.
  3. ↑ /S 顯示指定目錄及所有子目錄中的檔案。 (引用自 dir /? 命令說明)
  4. ↑ /Y 不顯示覆寫現存目的檔案的確認提示。 (引用自 copy /? 命令說明)
  5. ↑ [OPTION]
    • -r remove directories and their contents recursively;
    • -f ignore nonexistent files, never prompt
    (above content cited from linux documentation: rm --help)
  6. ↑ Linux Rename Files, Folders or Directories
  7. ↑ MS-DOS ren and rename command help
  8. ↑ 鳥哥的 Linux 私房菜 -- Linux 的檔案權限與目錄配置
  9. ↑ [OPTION]
    • -l use a long listing format
    • -h, --human-readable; with -l, print sizes in human readable format (e.g., 1K 234M 2G) Quoted from linux man ls
  10. ↑ Windows equivilent to UNIX pwd - Stack Overflow
  11. ↑ 鳥哥的 Linux 私房菜 -- Linux 常用網路指令介紹
  12. ↑ bash: ifconfig: command not found 無法使用ifconfig指令？ 先加上 su -l指令
  13. ↑ Red Hat / CentOS: Check / List Running Services
  14. ↑ -i means ignore caseHow to use the grep command, by The Linux Information Project (LINFO)
  15. ↑ Linux / UNIX Find Out What Program / Service is Listening on a Specific TCP Port
  16. ↑ Netstat
  17. ↑ Check which mpm (multi processing module) apache is running | Binary Tides
  18. ↑ Import MySQL Dumpfile, SQL Datafile Into My Database
  19. ↑ database - Importing zipped files in Mysql using command line - Stack Overflow
  20. ↑ Install 7Zip on CentOS 5.5
  21. ↑ 鳥哥的 Linux 私房菜 -- NTP 時間伺服器
  22. ↑ 鳥哥的 Linux 私房菜 -- 檔案與目錄管理 -- 關於執行檔路徑的變數： $PATH
  23. ↑ How to setup my system path
  24. ↑ reboot - Linux Command - Unix Command
  25. ↑ Windows原來也有內建好用的關機軟體(Shutdown.exe) | ㊣軟體玩家
  26. ↑ The Will Will Web | 如何查詢 Linux 的種類與版本 ( Linux Standard Base )
  27. ↑ Find windows OS version from command line
  28. ↑ Unix/Linux grep command examples | grep command in Unix and Linux | grep examples | alvinalexander.com
  29. ↑ Microsoft Windows XP - Find

further reading

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