Linux commands: Difference between revisions

== Text file manipulation ==

* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vi vi] <nowiki>[options]</nowiki> ''filename'' (and press {{kbd | key=gg}}) ({{Linux}})

* [http://www.tuxfiles.org/linuxhelp/vimcheat.html vim] <nowiki>[options]</nowiki> ''filename'' (and press {{kbd | key=gg}}) ({{Linux}}); Open file and press {{kbd | key=gg}} for [http://www.vim.org/ gVim] ({{Win}})

==== Display the last few lines of text file ====

=== Merge multiple plain text files ===

== File operation ==

=== Copy & overwrite file ===

==== Copy old directory to new directory ====

==== Rename (move) files or directory ====

* {{kbd | key=mv ''/path/to/file /path/to/new_folder_name''}} ({{Linux}})

* {{kbd | key=rename ''old_folder_name new_folder_name''}} ({{Win}})<ref>[http://www.computerhope.com/renamehl.htm MS-DOS ren and rename command help]</ref>

* {{Gd}}  create ls command in {{Win}} command prompt: {{kbd | key = echo dir %1 > %systemroot%\system32\ls.bat}} Thanks, hmjd!<ref>[http://stackoverflow.com/questions/9362692/how-to-create-ls-in-windows-command-prompt How to create ls in windows command prompt? - Stack Overflow]</ref>

* List all files and directories including hidden ones in the current directory. On {{Win}} is {{kbd | key=<nowiki>dir /a</nowiki>}}, and on {{Mac}} or {{Linux}} is {{kbd | key=<nowiki>ls -a</nowiki>}}<ref>[http://www.computerhope.com/issues/ch001039.htm How to see hidden files in MS-DOS and the Command Prompt]</ref><ref>[http://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/bash-shell-display-only-hidden-dot-files/ Bash Shell: Display All Hidden Dot Files In a Directory]</ref>.

Verify if a file or a directory exists

* {{kbd | key= cd ~/}} or {{kbd | key= cd $HOME}}  ({{Linux}}) will switch to my home directory ex: /Users/ACCOUNT<ref>[http://superuser.com/questions/271925/where-is-the-home-environment-variable-set linux - Where is the $HOME environment variable set? - Super User]</ref>

* {{kbd | key= cd %UserProfile%}} ({{Win}}) will switch to my home directory ex: C:\Users\ACCOUNT more on [[MS_Windows_Explorer]]<ref>[http://weka.wikispaces.com/Where+is+my+home+directory+located%3F weka - Where is my home directory located?]</ref>

== network ==

show ip

* {{kbd | key=<nowiki>ipconfig/all</nowiki>}} ({{Win}})

=== show current time ===

=== {{OS}} version ===

Show the process list & kill the high-resource-consumption process<ref>[http://www.cyberciti.biz/tips/how-do-i-find-out-linux-cpu-utilization.html How do I Find Out Linux CPU Utilization? - nixCraft]</ref><ref>[http://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/show-all-running-processes-in-linux/ Show All Running Processes in Linux]</ref>

#* {{kbd | key=top }} "display Linux tasks" for {{Linux}} or  

#* {{kbd | key=<nowiki>top -a</nowiki>}} or {{kbd | key=<nowiki>ps aux --sort -rss | more</nowiki>}}<ref>[http://linux.vbird.org/linux_basic/0440processcontrol.php#ps_aux 鳥哥的 Linux 私房菜 -- 第十六章、程序管理與 SELinux 初探]</ref> "Sort by memory usage" for {{Linux}}

# keyin {{kbd | key=q}} to leave the process list

=== Find process running on port ===

* {{kbd | key=''linux command'' <nowiki>|</nowiki> grep ''string''}} ({{Linux}}) ex: keyin {{kbd | key=<nowiki>yum list installed | grep tar</nowiki>}} to search the installed package naming tar for CentOS.<ref>[http://alvinalexander.com/unix/edu/examples/grep.shtml Unix/Linux grep command examples | grep command in Unix and Linux | grep examples | alvinalexander.com]</ref>

* {{kbd | key=''Windows command'' <nowiki>|</nowiki> find ''"string"''}} ({{Win}}) ex: {{kbd | key=<nowiki>netstat -a | find "3306"</nowiki>}}  (note:  enclose string in double quotation marks)<ref>[http://www.microsoft.com/resources/documentation/windows/xp/all/proddocs/en-us/find.mspx?mfr=true Microsoft Windows XP - Find]</ref>

=== System CPU usage ===

=== System memory usage ===

<pre>

                               total      used      free    shared    buffers    cached

                     Swap:      4194300    1219364    2974936

</pre>

=== System disk space usage  ===

* [http://linux.about.com/od/commands/l/blcmdl1_df.htm df command] "disk space usage" for {{Linux}} {{kbd | key = <nowiki>df -h</nowiki>}}

* [http://linux.about.com/library/cmd/blcmdl1_du.htm du command] "estimate file space usage" of specific folder for {{Linux}}  

** {{kbd | key = <nowiki>du -hcs /path/to/folder/</nowiki>}} Brief output of total hard disk usage.

** {{kbd | key = <nowiki>du --max-depth=1 -B M /path/to/folder/ | sort -g</nowiki>}}<ref>[http://blog.xuite.net/chingwei/blog/32566618-%E3%80%90%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E3%80%91%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8+du+%E4%BE%86%E7%9C%8B%E7%A3%81%E7%A2%9F%E7%9A%84%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8%E7%A9%BA%E9%96%93 【系統】使用 du 來看磁碟的使用空間 @ My Life :: 隨意窩 Xuite日誌]</ref>Output example:

=== Clean the screen/console ===

* {{Win}}: {{kbd | key= cls}} <ref>[https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/bb490879.aspx Cls]</ref>

== help for command ==

=== find the path of an executable ===

* {{kbd | key= which ''command''}} for {{Linux}} ex: {{kbd | key= which wc}} will return the path '/usr/bin/wc'

* {{kbd | key= where ''command''}} for {{Win}} version 2003 or 8. ex: {{kbd | key= where nslookup}} will return the path 'C:\Windows\System32\nslookup.EXE'<ref>[http://superuser.com/questions/207707/what-is-windows-equivalent-of-the-which-command-in-unix-is-there-an-equivale What is Windows' equivalent of the "which" command in Unix? Is there an equivalent PowerShell command? - Super User]</ref> {{exclaim}} not all DOS command will return the information ex: where cd, where dir. Related page: [[How to setup my system path]]

* {{kbd | key= Pause/Break}} ({{Linux}}) ex: I pressed the key to leave from the warning message "Vim: Warning: Output is not to a terminal".

<references/>

* [[Open command window here]]