Linux commands: Difference between revisions

Revision as of 16:48, 7 February 2013

(1) alternative Linux commands to complete the same task, (2) The equivalent or similar commands between Windows and Linux system.

help for command: Type command --help or man command (Linux

)

text file manipulation

display the first lines of text file

head [options] filename (OS: Linux )
vi [options] filename (and press gg) (Linux )
vim [options] filename (and press gg) (Linux ); Open file and press gg for gVim (Win )

display the last few lines of text file

tail [options] filename (Linux )
vi [options] filename (and press G) (Linux )
vim [options] filename (and press G) (Linux ); Open file and press G for gVim (Win )
Tail for Win32 GUI interface (Win ) not support Unicode file for v.4.2.6

Search text in file

(1)vim [options] filename (2)press /keyword (Linux )
grep: grep keyword file_name (Linux )

Search text in files

file operation

copy old directory to new directory

cp -a old_dir new_dir/ (Linux )
copy /Y old_dir new_dir/ (Win )^[1]
make new directory & copy all old files to new directory
- mkdir new_dir
- cp old_dir/* new_dir

download file from remote server

FTP
wget: wget http://path.to/file
SVN update su - www -c "svn up http://remote.svn.server/path/ /local/path/ --username=your_account --password=xxx"
more on File transfer methods

delete (move) files or directory

rm -rf /Name_of_directory (Linux )^[2]
del Name_of_directory (Win )
- After executed del Name_of_directory but the empty directory directory_name will be left.
- Command delete is not available in Win XP
linux alternative to dos command ren - Ubuntu Forums

list directory or files / list directory contents

ls (Linux ) ex: ls -lh List detailed information of files ^[3] ^[4]
dir (Win ) ex: dir/s/b

find a file

find (Linux ) ex: find / -name filename Find the file which naming filename Under the path / (root folder) ^[5]
dir (Win ) ex: dir filename /s^[6] I have no idea to specify the file path to find the file.

show the current directory

pwd(Linux )
echo %cd%(Win ) ^[7]

network

show ip

ifconfig (Linux )^[8]^[9]
ipconfig/all (Win )

ping

ping domain_or_ip (Linux )
ping domain_or_ip -t (Win )

whois: search the information of domain (related: Domain Name Register)

whois domain (Linux or Win : require to install whois for windows)

apache operation

check apache servie is running or not

service --status-all | grep httpd (Linux ^[10])
netstat -an | find /i "listening" (Win ) find the local open ports & find local address TCP 0.0.0.0:80 is listening

check which mpm (multi processing module) apache is running

httpd -l (Linux & Win ) ex: Linux /usr/local/httpd/bin/httpd -l or Win x:\apache\bin>httpd -l where x:\apache is the installation folder of apache ^[11]

system operation

show current time

date (Linux ) output: Thu Oct 25 15:05:10 CST 2012 ^[12]
date/t (Win )

output:
OS in English: Thu 05/03/2012
OS in Chinese: 2012/05/03 星期四

related: timestamp in PHP and MySQL syntax

specify the location where Linux or MS-DOS looks when using a command

echo $PATH (Linux )^[13]
echo %PATH% ({Win )^[14]

reboot the system/server

reboot (Linux )^[15]
shutdown -r (Win )^[16]

Search text of command output

linux command | grep string (Linux ) ex: keyin yum list installed | grep tar to search the installed package naming tar.^[17]
Windows command | find "string" (Win ) ex: netstat -a | find "3306" (note: enclose string in double quotation marks)^[18]

help for command

view the documentation for this command

command --help or man command (Linux )
command /? (Win )

emergency exit

ctrl+c or ctrl+break (Linux & Win )
Pause/Break (Linux ) ex: I pressed the key to leave from the warning message "Vim: Warning: Output is not to a terminal".

references

↑ /Y 不顯示覆寫現存目的檔案的確認提示。 (引用自 copy /? 命令說明)
↑
[OPTION]
- -r remove directories and their contents recursively;
- -f ignore nonexistent files, never prompt
(above content cited from linux documentation: rm --help)
↑ 鳥哥的 Linux 私房菜 -- Linux 的檔案權限與目錄配置
↑
[OPTION]
- -l use a long listing format
- -h, --human-readable; with -l, print sizes in human readable format (e.g., 1K 234M 2G) Quoted from linux man ls
↑ Tips For Linux - How to find files in Linux using 'find'
↑ How to find a file in MS-DOS.
↑ Windows equivilent to UNIX pwd - Stack Overflow
↑ 鳥哥的 Linux 私房菜 -- Linux 常用網路指令介紹
↑ bash: ifconfig: command not found 無法使用ifconfig指令？先加上 su -l指令
↑ Red Hat / CentOS: Check / List Running Services
↑ Check which mpm (multi processing module) apache is running | Binary Tides
↑ 鳥哥的 Linux 私房菜 -- NTP 時間伺服器
↑ 鳥哥的 Linux 私房菜 -- 檔案與目錄管理 -- 關於執行檔路徑的變數： $PATH
↑ How to setup my system path
↑ reboot - Linux Command - Unix Command
↑ Windows原來也有內建好用的關機軟體(Shutdown.exe) | ㊣軟體玩家
↑ Unix/Linux grep command examples | grep command in Unix and Linux | grep examples | alvinalexander.com
↑ Microsoft Windows XP - Find

@@ Line 85: / Line 85: @@
 show current time
 * {{kbd | key= date}} ({{Linux}}) output: Thu Oct 25 15:05:10 CST 2012 <ref>[http://linux.vbird.org/linux_server/0440ntp.php 鳥哥的 Linux 私房菜 -- NTP 時間伺服器]</ref>
-* {{kbd | key= date/t}} ({{{Win}})
+* {{kbd | key= date/t}} ({{Win}})
 <pre>output:
 OS in English: Thu 05/03/2012
@@ Line 102: / Line 102: @@
 Search text of command output
 * {{kbd | key=''linux command'' <nowiki>|</nowiki> grep ''string''}} ({{Linux}}) ex: keyin {{kbd | key=<nowiki>yum list installed | grep tar</nowiki>}} to search the installed package naming tar.<ref>[http://alvinalexander.com/unix/edu/examples/grep.shtml Unix/Linux grep command examples | grep command in Unix and Linux | grep examples | alvinalexander.com]</ref>
+* {{kbd | key=''Windows command'' <nowiki>|</nowiki> find ''"string"''}} ({{Win}}) ex: {{kbd | key=<nowiki>netstat -a | find "3306"</nowiki>}}  (note:  enclose string in double quotation marks)<ref>[http://www.microsoft.com/resources/documentation/windows/xp/all/proddocs/en-us/find.mspx?mfr=true Microsoft Windows XP - Find]</ref>
 == help for command ==