Editing MySQL commands

MySQL commands and troubleshooting of MySQL errors.

=== Preparation ===
install MySQL database client apps contains {{kbd | key=mysql}} & {{kbd | key=mysqldump}} commands
* {{Linux}}: 
* {{Win}}: Install (1) [https://www.cygwin.com/ Cygwin], (2) search mysql & install MySQL database clients apps package
* {{Mac}}: 
** Install [https://www.apachefriends.org/zh_tw/download.html XAMPP]. Path of {{kbd | key=mysql}} executable file is: {{kbd | key=/Applications/xampp/xamppfiles/bin/mysql}}
** MAMP: path of mysql command: {{kbd | key=/Applications/MAMP/Library/bin/mysql}}<ref>[https://dev.to/arbaoui_mehdi/how-to-access-the-mysql-cli-with-mamp-25m How to access the MySQL CLI With MAMP - DEV Community]</ref>

(optional) install the [http://www.ivarch.com/programs/pv.shtml Pipe Viewer] (pv) package
* {{Linux}}: 
*# [http://www.tecmint.com/enable-rpmforge-repository/ How to Enable RPMForge Repository in RHEL/CentOS 7.x/6.x/5.x/4.x]
*# (1){{kbd | key =yum install pv}} for RHEL / CentOS / SL / Fedora Linux<ref>[http://www.cyberciti.biz/open-source/command-line-hacks/pv-command-examples/ Linux / Unix pv Command: Monitor Progress of Data Sent Via a Pipe]</ref>;  (2) {{kbd | key =apt-get install pv}} for Debian / Ubuntu<ref>[http://www.ivarch.com/programs/pv.shtml ivarch.com: Pipe Viewer]</ref>; 
* {{Win}}: Install (1) [https://www.cygwin.com/ Cygwin], (2) search pv & install pv package
* {{Mac}}: Install (1) {{kbd | key =brew install pv}} to get the latest version of pv package<ref>[http://ashleyangell.com/2013/11/pipe-viewer-pv-in-mac-osx/ Pipe Viewer (pv) in Mac OSX]</ref> and (2) MySQL database clients from [https://www.apachefriends.org/zh_tw/download.html XAMPP]. Path of mysql is: /Applications/xampp/xamppfiles/bin/mysql

create the db user
# create the db user
# grant the minimum permission: {{kbd | key=SELECT}}, {{kbd | key=LOCK TABLES}} to the db user. SQL query: {{kbd | key=<nowiki>GRANT SELECT, LOCK TABLES ON `DATA\_BASE\_NAME`.* TO 'dbuser'@'localhost';</nowiki>}}<ref>[http://serverfault.com/questions/22712/minimum-permissions-for-a-user-to-perform-a-mysqldump security - Minimum permissions for a user to perform a mysqldump? - Server Fault]</ref>
# the db user will be able to execute the mysqldump command

=== Exporting data of database/table  into MySql sql file ===
==== mysqldump Options ====
Default option without any options specified
* {{kbd | key=<nowiki>drop table</nowiki>}} & insert new data

Replace (overwrite) the current data 
* Run {{kbd | key=<nowiki>mysqldump</nowiki>}} with the option {{kbd | key=<nowiki>--replace --no-create-info</nowiki>}}<ref>[https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/mysqldump.html#option_mysqldump_replace --replace]</ref><ref>[https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/mysqldump.html#option_mysqldump_no-create-info --no-create-info]</ref>: (1) {{kbd | key=<nowiki>--replace</nowiki>}}: "Write REPLACE statements rather than INSERT statements." (2) {{kbd | key=<nowiki>--no-create-info</nowiki>}}: "Do not write CREATE TABLE statements that create each dumped table." & "Do not add a DROP TABLE statement before each CREATE TABLE statement"

Append the current data
* Run {{kbd | key=<nowiki>mysqldump</nowiki>}} with the option {{kbd | key=<nowiki>--insert-ignore --no-create-info</nowiki>}}<ref>[https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/mysqldump.html#option_mysqldump_insert-ignore --insert-ignore]</ref>: (1) {{kbd | key=<nowiki>mysqldump</nowiki>}} with the option {{kbd | key=<nowiki>--insert-ignore</nowiki>}}:  "Write INSERT IGNORE statements rather than INSERT statements."

Schema only
* [https://www.electrictoolbox.com/mysqldump-schema-only/ Use mysqldump to get the schema only - Electric Toolbox]

==== Exporting entire data ====
'''method1''': {{Gd}} export the compressed *.sql file (especially for BIG sql file). It will show a progress bar and estimated time to complete the mysqldump<ref>[http://dba.stackexchange.com/questions/17367/how-can-i-monitor-the-progress-of-an-import-of-a-large-sql-file mysql - How can I monitor the progress of an import of a large .sql file? - Database Administrators Stack Exchange]</ref><ref>[https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.1/en/mysqldump.html MySQL :: MySQL 5.1 Reference Manual :: 4.5.4 mysqldump — A Database Backup Program]</ref><ref>[http://stackoverflow.com/questions/5666784/how-can-i-slow-down-a-mysql-dump-as-to-not-affect-current-load-on-the-server backup - How can I slow down a MySQL dump as to not affect current load on the server? - Stack Overflow]</ref>: 
# (optional) install {{kbd | key =pv}} if the {{kbd | key =pv}} was not installed
# (for InnoDB tables){{kbd | key =  <nowiki>mysqldump -h localhost -u username -p --force --single-transaction --default-character-set=utf8 DATA_BASE_NAME | pv | gzip -c > database.sql.gz</nowiki>}} <ref>[http://journal.andrewloe.com/2009/05/12/pv-gzip-mysql/ pv + gzip + mysql — W. Andrew Loe III: Journal]</ref><ref>(if have permission to LOCK TABLES){{kbd | key =  <nowiki>mysqldump -h localhost -u username -p DATA_BASE_NAME | pv | gzip -c > database.sql.gz</nowiki>}} (if have no permission to LOCK TABLES){{kbd | key =  <nowiki>mysqldump -h localhost -u username -p --lock-tables=false DATA_BASE_NAME | pv | gzip -c > database.sql.gz</nowiki>}} via [http://stackoverflow.com/questions/104612/run-mysqldump-without-locking-tables mysql - Run MySQLDump without Locking Tables - Stack Overflow]</ref> and press {{kbd | key =  <nowiki>Enter</nowiki> }}
# ask to enter {{kbd | key =  <nowiki>password</nowiki> }} and press {{kbd | key =  <nowiki>Enter</nowiki> }}

optional: Append the Today's date to file name
* On {{Linux}}: (for InnoDB tables){{kbd | key =  <nowiki>mysqldump -h localhost -u username -p --force --single-transaction --default-character-set=utf8 DATA_BASE_NAME | pv | gzip -c > database.sql.$(date +"%y%m%d").gz</nowiki>}} 

'''method2''': Bulk export individual tables into the multiple compressed *.sql files
<pre>
mysqldump -h localhost -u username -pPASSWORD --force --single-transaction --default-character-set=utf8 DB_NAME TABLE_1 | pv | gzip -c > table_1.sql.gz
mysqldump -h localhost -u username -pPASSWORD --force --single-transaction --default-character-set=utf8 DB_NAME TABLE_2 | pv | gzip -c > table_2.sql.gz
   
</pre>
note: the last line of above part is '''return symbol'''. The last command will not be executed automatically without the return symbol.

'''method3''': export the *.sql file. It will show a progress bar and estimated time to complete the mysqldump <ref>[http://dubbs.github.io/blog/2013/09/05/mysql-import-slash-export-progress-bar/ MySQL Import/Export Progress Bar - Kevin Warrington]</ref>: 
# (optional if the {{kbd | key =pv}} was not installed) {{kbd | key =yum install pv}} for RHEL / CentOS / SL / Fedora Linux
# (for InnoDB tables){{kbd | key =  <nowiki>mysqldump -h localhost -u username -p --force --single-transaction --default-character-set=utf8 DATA_BASE_NAME | pv > database.sql</nowiki>}}  and press {{kbd | key =  <nowiki>Enter</nowiki> }}
# enter {{kbd | key =  <nowiki>password</nowiki> }} and press {{kbd | key =  <nowiki>Enter</nowiki> }}

'''method4''': export the *.sql file
# {{kbd | key =  <nowiki>mysqldump -h localhost -u username -p --single-transaction  --default-character-set=utf8 DATA-BASE-NAME > /path/to/database.sql </nowiki>}}

'''method5''':  Using phpmyadmin to export the database. {{exclaim}} But I found the number rows of table after imported was not the same with the number rows of original table once.

==== Exporting selected data ====
[http://stackoverflow.com/questions/17397661/append-mysql-dump-to-a-table mysqldump - Append MYSQL dump to a table - Stack Overflow] {{access | date = 2016-06-29}}


==== Potential failure issue ====
* insufficient hard-disk space

=== Importing data from MySql sql file ===
{{exclaim}} Notice: existing database will be overwritten

Optional
# (optional) install {{kbd | key =pv}} if the {{kbd | key =pv}} was not installed for RHEL / CentOS / SL / Fedora Linux or {{kbd | key =brew install pv}} for {{Mac}}<ref>[https://formulae.brew.sh/formula/pv pv — Homebrew Formulae]</ref>
# (optional if the 7Zip was not installed) {{kbd | key =yum install p7zip}} for RHEL / CentOS / SL / Fedora Linux

'''method 1''': {{Gd}} Import the compressed *.sql file with gzip (especially for BIG sql file). It will show a progress bar and estimated time to complete the mysql command: 
# Install {{kbd | key =pv}}
# Check if the file is gzip format (test the compressed file integrity) ex: (1) {{kbd | key =  <nowiki>gunzip -t database.sql.gz</nowiki>}} If not, it will return the message "gzip: database.sql.gz: not in gzip format." (2) Using [http://www.winmd5.com/ WinMD5 Free] for {{Win}} or [http://linux.die.net/man/1/md5sum md5sum] command for {{Linux}} to obtain MD5 checksum of files.
# {{kbd | key =  <nowiki> pv database.sql.gz | gunzip | mysql -u username -p -h localhost --default_character_set utf8 --force DATA_BASE_NAME</nowiki>}} <ref>[http://journal.andrewloe.com/2009/05/12/pv-gzip-mysql/ pv + gzip + mysql — W. Andrew Loe III: Journal]</ref> and press {{kbd | key =  <nowiki>Enter</nowiki> }}
# enter {{kbd | key =  <nowiki>password</nowiki> }} and press {{kbd | key =  <nowiki>Enter</nowiki> }} The console window will show ETA (Estimated Time of Arrival)

'''method 2''': Import *.sql file: 
# (optional if the .sql file was compressed) {{kbd | key =unzip data.zip}} or {{kbd | key =gzip -d data.gz}} if the file was compressed by gzip
# {{kbd | key =  <nowiki>mysql -u username -p -h localhost --default_character_set utf8 --force DATA_BASE_NAME < data.sql</nowiki>}} <ref>[http://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/import-mysql-dumpfile-sql-datafile-into-my-database/ Import MySQL Dumpfile, SQL Datafile Into My Database]</ref> and press {{kbd | key =  <nowiki>Enter</nowiki> }}
# enter {{kbd | key =  <nowiki>password</nowiki> }} and press {{kbd | key =  <nowiki>Enter</nowiki> }}

'''method 3''': Import the *.sql file (especially for BIG sql file). It will show a progress bar and estimated time to complete the mysql command<ref>[http://dba.stackexchange.com/questions/17367/how-can-i-monitor-the-progress-of-an-import-of-a-large-sql-file mysql - How can I monitor the progress of an import of a large .sql file? - Database Administrators Stack Exchange]</ref>: 
# Install {{kbd | key =pv}}
# {{kbd | key =  <nowiki>pv data.sql | mysql -u username -p -h localhost --default_character_set utf8 --force DATA_BASE_NAME</nowiki>}} <ref>[http://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/import-mysql-dumpfile-sql-datafile-into-my-database/ Import MySQL Dumpfile, SQL Datafile Into My Database]</ref> and press {{kbd | key =  <nowiki>Enter</nowiki> }}
# enter {{kbd | key =  <nowiki>password</nowiki> }} and press {{kbd | key =  <nowiki>Enter</nowiki> }} The console window will show ETA (Estimated Time of Arrival)

'''method 4''': Import ZIP file to MySql directly:
# Install the 7Zip
# {{kbd | key = <nowiki>7za x -so data.zip | mysql -u username -p -h localhost --default_character_set utf8 --force DATA_BASE_NAME</nowiki>}} <ref>[http://stackoverflow.com/questions/11267309/importing-zipped-files-in-mysql-using-command-line database - Importing zipped files in Mysql using command line - Stack Overflow]</ref><ref>[http://needs-be.blogspot.tw/2011/01/install-7zip-on-centos-55.html Install 7Zip on CentOS 5.5]</ref> and press {{kbd | key =  <nowiki>Enter</nowiki> }}
# enter {{kbd | key =  <nowiki>password</nowiki> }} and press {{kbd | key =  <nowiki>Enter</nowiki> }}

=== Synchronizing databases ===
Synchronizing two MySQL databases:
* [http://www.heidisql.com/ HeidiSQL - MySQL, MSSQL and PostgreSQL made easy] v.9.4.0.5125 for {{Win}}, {{Mac}} & {{Linux}}
** Steps: Choose the database or table --> Export database as SQL --> Output: Select the mysql server connection
** Scheduler: Not available<ref>[http://www.heidisql.com/forum.php?t=22040 Schedule backups/exports]</ref> {{exclaim}}. Manually synchronizing databases between two different servers.
* [https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/replication.html Replication]
** Steps:
** Scheduler: Auto {{Gd}}.
* ''$'' [https://www.webyog.com/product/sqlyog SQLyog] v.12.4.0 for {{Win}}.
** Steps: Menu --> Powertools --> Database Synchronization Wizard
** Scheduler: Available {{Gd}}. Save the job file & Schedule it using Windows scheduler.
* ''$'' [https://www.devart.com/dbforge/mysql/studio/ MySQL GUI Tool - MariaDB and MySQL Front End Client for Windows]
** Steps: 
*** Menu: Comparison -> New Data Comparison -> Choose the connection: Next -> 
*** Mapping: Select objects that you want to compare -> 
*** After hours or minutes ...
*** Menu: Comparison -> Synchronize -> Open the synchronization script in the internal editor -> Synchronize 
*** Menu: SQL -> Execute
** Scheduler:


Transfer date from MS SQL server to MySQL or MariaDB server<ref>[https://mariadb.com/kb/en/library/monyog-sqlyog/ MONyog & SQLyog - MariaDB Knowledge Base]</ref>: 
* See on [[Troubleshooting_of_MySQL_errors#Transfer_Data_from_MySQL_to_MSSQL | Transfer Data from MySQL to MSSQL]]

=== Show the MySQL process list & kill the process ===
Show the MySQL process list & kill the process (especial for SLOW query command)<ref>[http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.1/en/show-processlist.html MySQL :: MySQL 5.1 Reference Manual :: 13.7.5.31 SHOW PROCESSLIST Syntax]</ref>
# {{kbd | key=mysql -h HOST -u ACCOUNT -p }}
# And keyin the PASSWORD of your MySQL ACCOUNT. The first character will be changed to ''mysql>'' from ''$'' or ''#''
# mysql> 
#* {{kbd | key=SHOW FULL PROCESSLIST\G}} to show the process list
#* {{kbd | key=SHOW PROCESSLIST\G}} to show the brief process list
# mysql> {{kbd | key=kill 101;}} to kill the process with Id number: {{kbd | key=101}}
# mysql> {{kbd | key=exit;}} to leave the MySQL command.

=== Troubleshooting of MySQL errors ===
[[Troubleshooting of MySQL errors]]

=== Further reading ===
* [https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/mysqldump.html MySQL :: MySQL 8.0 Reference Manual :: 4.5.4 mysqldump — A Database Backup Program]
* [http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/error-handling.html MySQL :: MySQL 5.7 Reference Manual :: B Errors, Error Codes, and Common Problems]
* [http://eosrei.net/articles/2013/03/forcing-mysqldump-always-be-nice-cpu-and-io Forcing a mysqldump to always be nice to CPU and I/O | eosrei.net]: using [http://www.computerhope.com/unix/unice.htm nice] or [http://www.tutorialspoint.com/unix_commands/ionice.htm ionice] commands {{exclaim}} 
** ionice command is not exists in cygwin
* [http://www.dbastuff.net/2014/09/mysql-dump-and-partitions.html DBAStuff: Mysql Dump and partitions] {{access | date = 2016-01-01}}
* [https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.5/en/backup-methods.html MySQL :: MySQL 5.5 Reference Manual :: 7.2 Database Backup Methods]  {{access | date = 2016-06-29}}
* [[SQL syntax debug]]
* [https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/sql-mode.html MySQL :: MySQL 8.0 Reference Manual :: 5.1.8 Server SQL Modes]
* [https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/mysql-command-options.html MySQL :: MySQL 8.0 Reference Manual :: 4.5.1.1 mysql Client Options]

=== References ===
<references/>


{{Template:Data factory flow}}

[[Category:MySQL]]
[[Category:Data Science]]