Editing Linux commands (section)

==== Obtaining Memory Usage through top command ====
{{Mac}} (known as [https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-tw/Darwin_(%E6%93%8D%E4%BD%9C%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F) Darwin]):
* command: {{kbd | key = top -l 1 | grep PhysMem:}}
* output example: PhysMem: 8017M used (1486M wired), 172M unused.
* memory usage: 172 / (8017+172); unit: %

{{Linux}} or {{Mac}}
* command: {{kbd | key = top}} (and press q key to quit the top window)
* output example: The Python process with the Process ID (PID) 13086 is utilizing 22.19 GB of memory, as indicated by the value in the RES (Resident Set Size) field.

<pre>
PID    USER      PR  NI  VIRT    RES    SHR S  %CPU %MEM     TIME+   COMMAND
13086 account  20  0   132.1g  22.19g 13.0g S 42.9 17.6     30:33.61 python
</pre>


* PID: Process ID, 13086 in this case, which is the unique identifier for the process.
* USER: The user that started the process, account here.
* PR: Priority of the process in the kernel's scheduler. The value 20 indicates a regular priority.
* NI: Nice value, which influences the priority (0 by default, meaning no adjustment to the scheduling).
* VIRT: Virtual memory size, 132.1g for this process, which is the total amount of virtual memory used by the process.
* RES: Resident memory size, 22.19g here, showing how much physical memory the process is currently using.
* SHR: Shared memory size, 13.0g in this case, which is the memory this process is sharing with others.
* S: Process status, S here which usually means 'sleeping'.
* %CPU: CPU usage, 42.9 indicating the percentage of the CPU time the process is currently using.
* %MEM: Memory usage, 17.6 showing the percentage of total physical memory used by the process.
* TIME+: Total CPU time the process has been running, 30:33.61 indicates 30 minutes and 33.61 seconds.
* COMMAND: The command that initiated the process, python here.