Editing Comparison of common data file formats (section)

=== Excel Files ===
Excel files: a widely used file format, but with limits on cell text length and column count: a single cell cannot contain more than 32,767 characters, and the maximum number of columns is 16,384.<ref>Microsoft Support — Excel specifications and limits: https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/office/excel-specifications-and-limits-1672b34d-7043-467e-8e27-269d656771c3</ref> Although the theoretical row limit is 1,048,576 rows (= 2²⁰), performance becomes noticeably sluggish beyond 100,000 rows, making analysis inconvenient. Older versions of Excel (2003 and earlier) allowed even fewer rows — only 65,536 rows (= 2¹⁶) × 256 columns.<ref>[Did You Know] Microsoft Excel has a Limit of Maximum 1,048,576 Rows and 16,384 Columns – AskVG: https://www.askvg.com/did-you-know-microsoft-excel-has-a-limit-of-maximum-1048576-rows-and-16384-columns/</ref><ref>What is the maximum allowed rows in a Microsoft Excel .xls or .xlsx - Super User: https://superuser.com/questions/366468/what-is-the-maximum-allowed-rows-in-a-microsoft-excel-xls-or-xlsx</ref>

Common issues include Excel automatically converting long numbers (e.g., order IDs) into scientific notation,<ref>Fixing the issue of long numbers being rounded or displayed in scientific notation in Excel (written in Mandarin): https://errerrors.blogspot.com/2023/04/how-to-fix-rounding-after-15-digits-on-excel.html</ref> or misidentifying certain strings (such as <code>1-2</code> or <code>MAR3</code>) as dates,<ref>Excel bug forces scientists to rename human genes — and the bug has now been fixed | T客邦 (written in Mandarin): https://www.techbang.com/posts/110723-excel-human-genome</ref> resulting in data loss or corruption.