Return symbol
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換行符號。英文:Return symbol, line terminators, line endings, newline, end of line (EOL), line feed (LF) or line break
- On Win : CRLF = \r\n
- On Unix, Linux & recent versions of Mac : LF = \n
- On classic versions of Mac [1][2] e.g. Mac OS 9: CR = \r
如何使用編輯軟體,看到換行符號
查看每一行使用的換行符號
- Notepad++ On Win 選單 → 檢視 → 特殊字元 → 顯示行尾字元 (EOL)
- RawLineEdit for Sublime text
- 換行符號是 CRLF = \r\n 每行最後顯示的是 <0x0d>¬
- 換行符號是 LF = \n 每行最後顯示的是 ¬ 象形符號 (glyph)
- 換行符號是 CR = \r 每行最後顯示的是 <0x0d>
- BASH cat command e.g. cat -e <filename>
- 換行符號是 CRLF = \r\n 每行最後顯示的是 ^M$
- 換行符號是 LF = \n 每行最後顯示的是 $
- 換行符號是 CR = \r 每行最後顯示的是 ^M
查看檔案使用的換行符號
- atom/line-ending-selector: Switch between Unix and Window style line endings. for Atom on Win , Mac & Linux
- file (command): file filename.txt on Linux , Mac [3] & Cygwin on Win
檔案內容 | File command 偵測結果 |
---|---|
換行符號是 CRLF = \r\n | UTF-8 Unicode text, with CRLF line terminators |
換行符號是 LF = \n | UTF-8 Unicode text |
換行符號是 CR = \r | UTF-8 Unicode text, with CR line terminators |
特例: 換行符號夾雜 \r\n 和 \r | UTF-8 Unicode text, with CRLF, CR line terminators |
特例: 換行符號夾雜 \r\n 和 \n | UTF-8 Unicode text, with CRLF, LF line terminators |
特例: 換行符號夾雜 \n 和 \r | UTF-8 Unicode text, with CR, LF line terminators |
特例: 無內容的空檔案 | empty |
不同換行符號 在不同作業系統的編輯器看到的文件狀況
檔案內容 | Windows 10 內建「記事本」 | Windows 10 免費編輯器 Notepad++ v. 7.5.9 | Mac 內建「文字編輯.app」 | Mac 編輯器 Sublime Text v. 3.2 |
---|---|---|---|---|
換行符號是 CRLF = \r\n | ok | ok | ok | ok |
換行符號是 LF = \n | 預期不同行的內容擠在一起 | ok | ok | ok |
換行符號是 CR = \r | 預期不同行的內容擠在一起 | ok | ok | ok |
如何取代換行符號
- 支援 Regular expression 的文字編輯軟體,例: 將Email清單,轉成Email軟體可以使用的寄信名單 (取代換行符號為逗號)
- MySQL: SELECT REPLACE(REPLACE(REPLACE(`column`,'\r\n',''),'\n',''),'\r','') [4] or SELECT TRIM(REPLACE(`column`, '\n','' )) [5]
- Excel: =TRIM(SUBSTITUTE(SUBSTITUTE(A1, CHAR(13),""), CHAR(10),", ") To replace the return symbol in the cell located at A1 [6][7]
- CHAR(10) means "Line feed" which equal to \n
- CHAR(13) means "Carriage return" which equal to \r
- Python way: How can I remove a trailing newline in Python? - Stack Overflow [Last visited: 2019-06-14]
Related articles
- Carriage return - Wikipedia
- 換行 - 维基百科,自由的百科全书
- 回車鍵 - 維基百科,自由的百科全書
- 陳雲濤的部落格: 筆記 CRLF跟LF之區別 --- 隱形的 bug:「CRLF才是真正的打字機運作方式,你可以想像:打字機打到最右邊,要先return到最左邊之後,再往下一行,所以是CRLF ... ...」
- Differences in end of line characters Mac, Windows, and Linux
- php - How to remove carriage returns from output of string? - Stack Overflow
References
- ↑ Classic Mac OS - Wikipedia
- ↑ Newline - Wikipedia
- ↑ file(1) Mac OS X Manual Page
- ↑ sql - REPLACE new line character in MYSql not working - Stack Overflow
- ↑ MySQL: trim *both* whitespace and newline characters - Stack Overflow
- ↑ 3 ways to remove carriage returns in Excel: formulas, VBA macro, find&replace dialog [Last visited: 2018-05-24]
- ↑ ASCII - Wikipedia