Data type: Difference between revisions

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資料表欄位設計時,針對不同資料類型,建議的資料型態(data type)
資料表欄位設計時,針對不同資料類型,建議的資料型態(data type)
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== examples of data and suggested datatype ==
== examples of data and suggested datatype ==
=== birth year ===
=== birth year ===
* data type: int
* data type: int
* ex: Range from 1905 ~ 2013 (108 yeas old) from the Sing-up form from outlook.com {{access| date=2013-02-04}}
* example: Range from 1905 ~ 2013 (108 yeas old) from the Sing-up form from outlook.com {{access| date=2013-02-04}}
* range/limit: 122 yeas old<ref>[http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9C%80%E5%B9%B4%E9%95%B7%E8%80%85 最年長者 - 維基百科,自由的百科全書]: 「根據金氏世界紀錄大全紀錄的最長壽者是活了122年的雅娜·卡爾曼特」</ref>
* range/limit: 122 yeas old<ref>[http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9C%80%E5%B9%B4%E9%95%B7%E8%80%85 最年長者 - 維基百科,自由的百科全書]: 「根據金氏世界紀錄大全紀錄的最長壽者是活了122年的雅娜·卡爾曼特」、[https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-tw/%E5%90%84%E5%9B%BD%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3%E9%A2%84%E6%9C%9F%E5%AF%BF%E5%91%BD%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8 各國人口預期壽命列表</ref>


=== file name ===
=== file name ===
Line 35: Line 33:


=== Chinese name ===
=== Chinese name ===
** 最長姓名有13個字 <ref> 中國新聞網 (2010). [http://dailynews.sina.com/bg/tw/twpolitics/chinanews/20101104/00481967448.html 台灣“獨一姓氏”者達149人 最長姓名有13個字_台灣頻道_新浪網-北美]</ref><ref>[http://news.ltn.com.tw/news/life/paper/780935 姓名8個字 外交部不給護照 - 生活 - 自由時報電子報]</ref>
* 最長姓名有13個字 <ref> 中國新聞網 (2010). [http://dailynews.sina.com/bg/tw/twpolitics/chinanews/20101104/00481967448.html 台灣“獨一姓氏”者達149人 最長姓名有13個字_台灣頻道_新浪網-北美]</ref><ref>[http://news.ltn.com.tw/news/life/paper/780935 姓名8個字 外交部不給護照 - 生活 - 自由時報電子報]</ref>
** LINE姓名欄位長度限制: 15字(15個中文字或15英文字母)
* 參考別人: LINE姓名欄位長度限制: 15字(15個中文字或15英文字母)


=== unix timestamp ===
=== unix timestamp ===
Line 42: Line 40:
* ex: 1328664539
* ex: 1328664539
* range/limit:
* range/limit:
=== duration 時長 ===
* data type: {{kbd | key= TIME}} 「{{kbd | key= TIME}} values may range from '-838:59:59' to '838:59:59'」<ref>[http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.0/en/time.html MySQL :: MySQL 5.0 Reference Manual :: 11.3.2 The TIME Type]</ref>
* format: 小時:分鐘:秒 hh:mm:ss
* 參考別人: Google form 問卷題目選項的小時 0~72 ; 分鐘: 00~59: 秒: 00~59


=== 學校代碼 ===
=== 學校代碼 ===
Line 48: Line 51:
* ex: 0001(國立政治大學)、373607(臺北市立華江國小)。前面可能有零。
* ex: 0001(國立政治大學)、373607(臺北市立華江國小)。前面可能有零。
* range/limit:  
* range/limit:  
=== 地址 ===
* 資料類型: {{kbd | key=TEXT}} or {{kbd | key=VARCHAR(255)}}<ref>[https://stackoverflow.com/questions/354763/common-mysql-fields-and-their-appropriate-data-types address]</ref>
* 參考別人: 觀察 Google payment 付款地址的文字輸入框並沒有限制文字長度


=== 經緯度 (經度,緯度) ===
=== 經緯度 (經度,緯度) ===
* DECIMAL(18,12)<ref>[http://stackoverflow.com/questions/159255/what-is-the-ideal-data-type-for-latitude-longitude mysql - What is the ideal data type for latitude / longitude? - Stack Overflow]</ref> or FLOAT( 10, 6 )<ref>[http://code.google.com/apis/maps/articles/phpsqlsearch.html Creating a Store Locator with PHP, MySQL & Google Maps - Google Maps API Family - Google Code]</ref>
* DECIMAL(18,12)<ref>[http://stackoverflow.com/questions/159255/what-is-the-ideal-data-type-for-latitude-longitude mysql - What is the ideal data type for latitude / longitude? - Stack Overflow]</ref> or FLOAT( 10, 6 )<ref>[http://code.google.com/apis/maps/articles/phpsqlsearch.html Creating a Store Locator with PHP, MySQL & Google Maps - Google Maps API Family - Google Code]</ref> or VARCHAR( 30 )
* ex: 37.401724,-122.114646
* ex: 37.401724,-122.114646
* range/limit:
* range/limit:


=== 價錢/金額 ===
=== 價錢/金額 ===
* DECIMAL(10,2)<ref> [http://stackoverflow.com/questions/628637/best-data-type-for-currency sql - Best Data Type for Currency - Stack Overflow]{{access | date=2012-03-07}} </ref>
* DECIMAL(10,2)<ref> [http://stackoverflow.com/questions/628637/best-data-type-for-currency sql - Best Data Type for Currency - Stack Overflow]{{access | date=2012-03-07}} </ref><ref>[http://zhidao.baidu.com/question/682060470049185972.html mysql 用什么数据类型表示价格?_百度知道]{{access | date=2015-05-25}}  </ref>
* ex:  
* ex:  
* range/limit: 0.00 ~ 99999999.99
* range/limit: 0.00 ~ 99999999.99
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=== 密碼 ===
=== 密碼 ===
* varchar at least eight (8) characters<ref>[https://www.owasp.org/index.php/Password_length_%26_complexity Password length & complexity - OWASP] "Minimum length. Passwords should be at least eight (8) characters long." </ref>
* varchar at least eight (8) characters<ref>[https://www.owasp.org/index.php/Password_length_%26_complexity Password length & complexity - OWASP] "Minimum length. Passwords should be at least eight (8) characters long." </ref>
=== 雜湊碼 (hash value) ===
* [https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/MD5 MD5]:  CHAR(32)<ref>[https://stackoverflow.com/questions/14922208/can-i-use-varchar32-for-md5-values php - Can I use VARCHAR(32) for md5() values? - Stack Overflow]</ref>
* [https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/SHA%E5%AE%B6%E6%97%8F SHA] 256<ref>[https://stackoverflow.com/questions/2240973/how-long-is-the-sha256-hash mysql - How long is the SHA256 hash? - Stack Overflow]</ref><ref>[http://fishjerky.blogspot.com/2013/06/md5sha512.html 魚乾的筆記本: MD5被破解了,要改用SHA]</ref>:
** (1) HEX: CHAR(64) Using [http://php.net/manual/en/function.hash-file.php PHP: hash_file()], MySQL [https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.6/en/encryption-functions.html#function_sha2 SHA2(str, hash_length)]
** (2) Binary: BINARY(32) In PHP using [http://php.net/manual/en/function.hex2bin.php hex2bin()] e.g. {{kbd | key=<nowiki>echo hex2bin(hash_file('sha256', $file_path));</nowiki>}}, In MySQL using [https://www.w3resource.com/mysql/string-functions/mysql-unhex-function.php UNHEX() function] e.g. {{kbd | key=<nowiki>SELECT UNHEX(SHA2('The quick brown fox jumped over the lazy dog.', 256))</nowiki>}}
==== Retrieve the hash value from string or file content ====
PHP:
<pre>
<?php
/* Create a file to calculate hash of */
file_put_contents('example.txt', 'The quick brown fox jumped over the lazy dog.');
echo hash_file('sha256', 'example.txt');
// expected result: 68b1282b91de2c054c36629cb8dd447f12f096d3e3c587978dc2248444633483
// 64 characters
// calculate the hash of string
echo hash('sha256', 'The quick brown fox jumped over the lazy dog.');
?>
</pre>
MySQL:
<pre>
SELECT SHA2('The quick brown fox jumped over the lazy dog.', 256)
</pre>
==== Retrieve the hash value from binary value ====
* PHP: [http://php.net/manual/en/function.bin2hex.php bin2hex()] e.g. {{kbd | key=<nowiki>echo bin2hex(hex2bin(hash('sha256', 'The quick brown fox jumped over the lazy dog.')));</nowiki>}}
* MySQL: [https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/hexadecimal-literals.html Hexadecimal Literals] e.g. {{kbd | key=<nowiki>SELECT HEX(UNHEX(SHA2('The quick brown fox jumped over the lazy dog.', 256)));</nowiki>}}<ref>[https://stackoverflow.com/questions/14608413/storing-a-binary-sha1-hash-into-a-mysql-binary20-column insert - Storing a binary SHA1 hash into a mySQL BINARY(20) column - Stack Overflow]</ref>


=== membership ===
=== membership ===
** [http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/aa478949.aspx Membership Providers]
* [http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/aa478949.aspx Membership Providers]
 
=== 台灣公司統一編號 ===
* 八位數字 因為可能以 0 開頭,所以建議使用 {{kbd | key= VARCHAR(8)}},而不建議使用 {{kbd | key= INT(8)}} <ref>[https://www.etax.nat.gov.tw/etwmain/web/ETW113W1_1 公示資料查詢服務-財政部稅務入口網]</ref><ref>[http://herolin.webhop.me/entry/is-valid-TW-company-ID/ » 營利事業統一編號驗證完全手冊(Javascript,Java,C#,PHP) - Hero Think~用手摀住我的嘴]</ref>
 
=== 商品序號或商品條碼 ===
MySQL: {{kbd | key = VARCHAR(14)}}
* GTIN 全球交易品項號碼([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global_Trade_Item_Number Global Trade Item Number])  最長 14 位數
* EAN 國際商品條碼([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Article_Number_(EAN) International Article Number]),即前[http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2%E5%95%86%E5%93%81%E7%BC%96%E7%A0%81 歐洲商品條碼] (European Article Number) and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Article_Number_(EAN)#jan Japanese Article Number (JAN)] 最長 13 位數
* UPC [http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%80%9A%E7%94%A8%E4%BA%A7%E5%93%81%E4%BB%A3%E7%A0%81 通用產品代碼] ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal_Product_Code Universal Product Code]) 最長 12 位數,只允許數字 (UPC-A)
* ASIN [http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BA%9A%E9%A9%AC%E9%80%8A%E6%A0%87%E5%87%86%E8%AF%86%E5%88%AB%E5%8F%B7%E7%A0%81 亞馬遜標準識別號碼] (Amazon Standard Identification Number) 由十個字元(字母或數字)組成
 
書籍
* ISBN [http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E6%A0%87%E5%87%86%E4%B9%A6%E5%8F%B7 國際標準書號]([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number International Standard Book Number])  最長 13 位數
 
=== 國際電話號碼 ===
[https://medium.com/frochu/libphonenumber-example-app-f60680faa599 使用 Google libphonenumber 套件驗證國際電話號碼格式 – Frochu – Medium]


=== 很長的文字 ===
=== 很長的文字 ===
* MySQL: {{kbd | key = TEXT}}<ref>[http://blog.longwin.com.tw/2009/10/mysql-text-field-type-length-limit-2009/ MySQL TEXT 格式 的 長度限制 - Tsung's Blog]</ref><ref>[http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.0/en/blob.html MySQL :: MySQL 5.0 Reference Manual :: 11.1.6.3 The BLOB and TEXT Types]</ref>
* MySQL: {{kbd | key= LONGTEXT}}: 4GB / {{kbd | key = TEXT}}: 65,535 bytes ~64kb <ref>[http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/string-type-overview.html MySQL :: MySQL 5.7 Reference Manual :: 11.1.3 String Type Overview]</ref><ref>[http://blog.longwin.com.tw/2009/10/mysql-text-field-type-length-limit-2009/ MySQL TEXT 格式 的 長度限制 - Tsung's Blog]</ref>
* MsSQL: {{kbd | key = NVARCHAR(max)}}<ref>[http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms186939.aspx nchar and nvarchar (Transact-SQL)]</ref>
* MsSQL: {{kbd | key = NVARCHAR(max)}}: 2GB <ref>[http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms186939.aspx nchar and nvarchar (Transact-SQL)]</ref>


<pre> (left blank intentionally)
<pre> (left blank intentionally)
Line 85: Line 140:


== comparision of datatypes in different database server ==
== comparision of datatypes in different database server ==
=== numeric ===
{{kbd | key=bigint}}
* MS SQL<ref>[https://msdn.microsoft.com/zh-tw/library/ms187745(v=sql.120).aspx int、bigint、smallint 和 tinyint (Transact-SQL)]</ref> & MySQL<ref>[https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.5/en/integer-types.html MySQL :: MySQL 5.5 Reference Manual :: 11.2.1 Integer Types (Exact Value) - INTEGER, INT, SMALLINT, TINYINT, MEDIUMINT, BIGINT]</ref> are equivalent
=== text ===
Storing Unicode text<ref>
Storing Unicode text<ref>
* [http://trufflepenne.blogspot.tw/2012/10/mysql-sqlservernvarchar.html 松露筆管麵: Mysql 等同SqlServer的nvarchar]
* [http://trufflepenne.blogspot.tw/2012/10/mysql-sqlservernvarchar.html 松露筆管麵: Mysql 等同SqlServer的nvarchar]
* [http://stackoverflow.com/questions/144283/what-is-the-difference-between-varchar-and-nvarchar sql server - What is the difference between varchar and nvarchar? - Stack Overflow]</ref>
* [http://stackoverflow.com/questions/144283/what-is-the-difference-between-varchar-and-nvarchar sql server - What is the difference between varchar and nvarchar? - Stack Overflow]</ref>
* MySQL: {{kbd | key=varchar}}
* MySQL: {{kbd | key=varchar}} / MS SQL 2008: {{kbd | key=nvarchar}}
* MS SQL 2008: {{kbd | key=nvarchar}}
* MySQL: {{kbd | key= LONGTEXT}} (4GB)<ref>[http://dba.stackexchange.com/questions/98268/whats-sql-server-nvarcharmax-equivalent-in-mysql Whats SQL Server NVARCHAR(max) equivalent in MySQL? - Database Administrators Stack Exchange]</ref> / MS SQL 2008: {{kbd | key=nvarchar(max)}} (2GB)<ref>[https://msdn.microsoft.com/zh-tw/library/ms186939(v=sql.120).aspx nchar 和 nvarchar (Transact-SQL)]</ref>


=== date and time ===
{{kbd | key=DATETIME}}: ex: "2013-06-13 03:33:33"  
{{kbd | key=DATETIME}}: ex: "2013-06-13 03:33:33"  
* MS SQL 2008, MySQL is equivalent
* MS SQL 2008 & MySQL are equivalent


{{kbd | key=TIMESTAMP}}: MS SQL 2008 and MySQL is '''NOT''' equivalent<ref>[http://stackoverflow.com/questions/8665548/sql-server-2008-timestamp-data-type SQL Server 2008 timestamp data type - Stack Overflow]</ref> {{exclaim}}
{{kbd | key=TIMESTAMP}}: MS SQL 2008 and MySQL are '''NOT''' equivalent<ref>[http://stackoverflow.com/questions/8665548/sql-server-2008-timestamp-data-type SQL Server 2008 timestamp data type - Stack Overflow]</ref> {{exclaim}}
* MS SQL 2008<ref>[http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms182776(v=sql.90).aspx timestamp (Transact-SQL)]</ref> ex: 0x00000000000007D3  
* MS SQL 2008<ref>[http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms182776(v=sql.90).aspx timestamp (Transact-SQL)]</ref> ex: 0x00000000000007D3  
* MySQL ex: 2013-06-13 03:33:33
* MySQL ex: 2013-06-13 03:33:33
further reading
* [https://www.mssqltips.com/sqlservertutorial/2203/mysql-to-sql-server-data-type-comparisons/ MySQL to SQL Server Data Type Comparisons]
* [http://wiki.ispirer.com/sqlways/sql-server/data-types Microsoft SQL Server - Data Types (Migration by Ispirer SQLWays)] {{access | date = 2015-12-22}}
* [http://www.w3schools.com/sql/sql_datatypes.asp SQL Data Types for MS Access, MySQL, and SQL Server] {{access | date = 2015-12-22}}


== tools ==
== tools ==
ER圖(entity-relationship diagram)
ER圖(entity-relationship diagram)
* [http://www.mysql.com/products/workbench/ MySQL :: MySQL Workbench 6.0]: Notice the installation prerequisites{{exclaim}}
* [http://www.mysql.com/products/workbench/ MySQL :: MySQL Workbench 6.0]: Notice the installation prerequisites{{exclaim}}
產生資料庫結構表格文件
* [[Create database schema document]]


參考其他資料表的結構設計<ref>[http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.0/en/getting-information.html MySQL :: MySQL 5.0 Reference Manual :: 3.4 Getting Information About Databases and Tables]</ref>
參考其他資料表的結構設計<ref>[http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.0/en/getting-information.html MySQL :: MySQL 5.0 Reference Manual :: 3.4 Getting Information About Databases and Tables]</ref>
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* [http://docs.oracle.com/cd/B28359_01/server.111/b28318/datatype.htm Oracle Data Types]
* [http://docs.oracle.com/cd/B28359_01/server.111/b28318/datatype.htm Oracle Data Types]
* [http://www.databaseanswers.org/data_models/index.htm Industry Data Models]
* [http://www.databaseanswers.org/data_models/index.htm Industry Data Models]
{{Template:Build a website}}


[[Category:Web_Dev]] [[Category:Database]] [[Category:MySQL]] [[Category:Data Science]]
[[Category:Web_Dev]] [[Category:Database]] [[Category:MySQL]] [[Category:Data Science]]

Revision as of 14:31, 13 March 2019

資料表欄位設計時,針對不同資料類型,建議的資料型態(data type)

examples of data and suggested datatype

birth year

  • data type: int
  • example: Range from 1905 ~ 2013 (108 yeas old) from the Sing-up form from outlook.com [Last visited: 2013-02-04]
  • range/limit: 122 yeas old[1]

file name

file name for Win Os windows.png FTFS ; Linux Os linux.png ex3 and ex4 file system types[2].

  • varchar(255) [3][4] Icon_exclaim.gif If the files hosted by Windows server, you should also take the limit of PATH length into account besides the limit of filename length.

IP

IP(v4)

  • varchar(15)
  • ex: 255.255.255.255 [5]

range/limit

  • IP range - Classless inter-domain routing (CIDR)[6]
    • 12 or 24 bytes (IPv4 and IPv6 networks)[7]
    • ex: 69.208.0.0/32

IPv6: 128位元長度,以16位元為一組,每組以冒號":"隔開,可以分為8組,每組以4位元十六進制方式表示

    • data type:
    • ex: 2001:0db8:85a3:08d3:1319:8a2e:0370:7344

網址

Chinese name

  • 最長姓名有13個字 [10][11]
  • 參考別人: LINE姓名欄位長度限制: 15字(15個中文字或15英文字母)

unix timestamp

  • bigint(10) ;
  • ex: 1328664539
  • range/limit:

duration 時長

  • data type: TIMETIME values may range from '-838:59:59' to '838:59:59'」[12]
  • format: 小時:分鐘:秒 hh:mm:ss
  • 參考別人: Google form 問卷題目選項的小時 0~72 ; 分鐘: 00~59: 秒: 00~59

學校代碼

School ID defined by MOE at Taiwan / 學校代碼[13]

  • integer: 4(university) ~ 6
  • ex: 0001(國立政治大學)、373607(臺北市立華江國小)。前面可能有零。
  • range/limit:

地址

  • 資料類型: TEXT or VARCHAR(255)[14]
  • 參考別人: 觀察 Google payment 付款地址的文字輸入框並沒有限制文字長度

經緯度 (經度,緯度)

  • DECIMAL(18,12)[15] or FLOAT( 10, 6 )[16] or VARCHAR( 30 )
  • ex: 37.401724,-122.114646
  • range/limit:

價錢/金額

  • DECIMAL(10,2)[17][18]
  • ex:
  • range/limit: 0.00 ~ 99999999.99

台灣縣市欄位值

台灣縣市欄位值 下拉式選單[19]

$city = array("基隆市", "台北市", "新北市", "桃園縣", "新竹市", "新竹縣", "苗栗縣", "台中市", 
        "彰化縣", "南投縣", "雲林縣", "嘉義市", "嘉義縣", "台南市", "高雄市", "屏東縣", "台東縣", "花蓮縣", 
        "宜蘭縣", "澎湖縣", "金門縣", "連江縣");

密碼

  • varchar at least eight (8) characters[20]

雜湊碼 (hash value)

Retrieve the hash value from string or file content

PHP:

<?php
/* Create a file to calculate hash of */
file_put_contents('example.txt', 'The quick brown fox jumped over the lazy dog.');

echo hash_file('sha256', 'example.txt');
// expected result: 68b1282b91de2c054c36629cb8dd447f12f096d3e3c587978dc2248444633483
// 64 characters

// calculate the hash of string
echo hash('sha256', 'The quick brown fox jumped over the lazy dog.');
?>

MySQL:

SELECT SHA2('The quick brown fox jumped over the lazy dog.', 256)

Retrieve the hash value from binary value

  • PHP: bin2hex() e.g. echo bin2hex(hex2bin(hash('sha256', 'The quick brown fox jumped over the lazy dog.')));
  • MySQL: Hexadecimal Literals e.g. SELECT HEX(UNHEX(SHA2('The quick brown fox jumped over the lazy dog.', 256)));[24]

membership

台灣公司統一編號

  • 八位數字 因為可能以 0 開頭,所以建議使用 VARCHAR(8),而不建議使用 INT(8) [25][26]

商品序號或商品條碼

MySQL: VARCHAR(14)

書籍

國際電話號碼

使用 Google libphonenumber 套件驗證國際電話號碼格式 – Frochu – Medium

很長的文字

  • MySQL: LONGTEXT: 4GB / TEXT: 65,535 bytes ~64kb [27][28]
  • MsSQL: NVARCHAR(max): 2GB [29]
 (left blank intentionally)
* data
** data type
** ex:
** range/limit:

comparision of datatypes in different database server

numeric

bigint

text

Storing Unicode text[32]

  • MySQL: varchar / MS SQL 2008: nvarchar
  • MySQL: LONGTEXT (4GB)[33] / MS SQL 2008: nvarchar(max) (2GB)[34]

date and time

DATETIME: ex: "2013-06-13 03:33:33"

  • MS SQL 2008 & MySQL are equivalent

TIMESTAMP: MS SQL 2008 and MySQL are NOT equivalent[35] Icon_exclaim.gif

  • MS SQL 2008[36] ex: 0x00000000000007D3
  • MySQL ex: 2013-06-13 03:33:33

further reading

tools

ER圖(entity-relationship diagram)

產生資料庫結構表格文件

參考其他資料表的結構設計[37]

  • DESCRIBE table_name;

references

  1. 最年長者 - 維基百科,自由的百科全書: 「根據金氏世界紀錄大全紀錄的最長壽者是活了122年的雅娜·卡爾曼特」、[https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-tw/%E5%90%84%E5%9B%BD%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3%E9%A2%84%E6%9C%9F%E5%AF%BF%E5%91%BD%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8 各國人口預期壽命列表
  2. Type df -aT to list the file system types in Linux
  3. Comparison of file systems - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
  4. Naming Files, Paths, and Namespaces (Windows)
  5. Datatype for storing ip address in SQL Server - Stack Overflow
  6. Help:Range blocks - MediaWiki
  7. PostgreSQL: Documentation: Manuals: Network Address Types
  8. sql - Best database field type for a URL - Stack Overflow
  9. 中國新聞網 (2010). 台灣“獨一姓氏”者達149人 最長姓名有13個字_台灣頻道_新浪網-北美
  10. 姓名8個字 外交部不給護照 - 生活 - 自由時報電子報
  11. MySQL :: MySQL 5.0 Reference Manual :: 11.3.2 The TIME Type
  12. 各級學校名錄--教育部統計處 Department of Statistics[Last visited: 2012-02-16]
  13. address
  14. mysql - What is the ideal data type for latitude / longitude? - Stack Overflow
  15. Creating a Store Locator with PHP, MySQL & Google Maps - Google Maps API Family - Google Code
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  17. mysql 用什么数据类型表示价格?_百度知道[Last visited: 2015-05-25]
  18. 取自中華郵政全球資訊網
  19. Password length & complexity - OWASP "Minimum length. Passwords should be at least eight (8) characters long."
  20. php - Can I use VARCHAR(32) for md5() values? - Stack Overflow
  21. mysql - How long is the SHA256 hash? - Stack Overflow
  22. 魚乾的筆記本: MD5被破解了,要改用SHA
  23. insert - Storing a binary SHA1 hash into a mySQL BINARY(20) column - Stack Overflow
  24. 公示資料查詢服務-財政部稅務入口網
  25. » 營利事業統一編號驗證完全手冊(Javascript,Java,C#,PHP) - Hero Think~用手摀住我的嘴
  26. MySQL :: MySQL 5.7 Reference Manual :: 11.1.3 String Type Overview
  27. MySQL TEXT 格式 的 長度限制 - Tsung's Blog
  28. nchar and nvarchar (Transact-SQL)
  29. int、bigint、smallint 和 tinyint (Transact-SQL)
  30. MySQL :: MySQL 5.5 Reference Manual :: 11.2.1 Integer Types (Exact Value) - INTEGER, INT, SMALLINT, TINYINT, MEDIUMINT, BIGINT
  31. Whats SQL Server NVARCHAR(max) equivalent in MySQL? - Database Administrators Stack Exchange
  32. nchar 和 nvarchar (Transact-SQL)
  33. SQL Server 2008 timestamp data type - Stack Overflow
  34. timestamp (Transact-SQL)
  35. MySQL :: MySQL 5.0 Reference Manual :: 3.4 Getting Information About Databases and Tables

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