Linux commands

(1) alternative Linux commands to complete the same task, (2) The equivalent or similar commands between Windows and Linux system.

help for command: Type command --help or man command (Linux

)

text file manipulation

display the first lines of text file

head [options] filename (OS: Linux )
vi [options] filename (and press gg) (Linux )
vim [options] filename (and press gg) (Linux ); Open file and press gg for gVim (Win )

display the last few lines of text file

tail [options] filename (Linux )
vi [options] filename (and press G) (Linux )
vim [options] filename (and press G) (Linux ); Open file and press G for gVim (Win )
Tail for Win32 GUI interface (Win ) not support Unicode file for v.4.2.6

file operation

copy old directory to new directory

cp -a old_dir new_dir/ (Linux )
copy /Y old_dir new_dir/ (Win )^[1]
make new directory & copy all old files to new directory
- mkdir new_dir
- cp old_dir/* new_dir

download file from remote server

FTP
wget^[2]
SVN update su - www -c "svn up http://remote.svn.server/path/ /local/path/ --username=account --password=xxx"

delete files or directory

rm -rf /Name_of_directory (Linux )^[3]
del Name_of_directory (Win )
- After executed del Name_of_directory but the empty directory directory_name will be left.
- Command delete is not available in Win XP

list directory or files / list directory contents

ls (Linux ) ex: ls -lh List detailed information of files ^[4] ^[5]
dir (Win ) ex: dir/s/b

find a file

find (Linux ) ex: find / -name filename Find the file which naming filename Under the path / (root folder) ^[6]
dir (Win ) ex: dir filename /s^[7] I have no idea to specify the file path to find the file.

show the current directory

pwd(Linux )
echo %cd%(Win ) ^[8]

network

show ip

ifconfig (Linux )^[9]^[10]
ipconfig/all (Win )

ping

ping domain_or_ip (Linux )
ping domain_or_ip -t (Win )

whois: search the information of domain (related: Domain Name Register)

whois domain (Linux or Win : require to install whois for windows)

apache operation

check which mpm (multi processing module) apache is running

httpd -l (Linux & Win ) ex: Linux /usr/local/httpd/bin/httpd -l or Win x:\apache\bin>httpd -l where x:\apache is the installation folder of apache ^[11]

system operation

show current time

date (Linux ) output: Thu Oct 25 15:05:10 CST 2012 ^[12]
date/t ({Win )

output:
OS in English: Thu 05/03/2012
OS in Chinese: 2012/05/03 星期四

specify the location where Linux or MS-DOS looks when using a command

echo $PATH (Linux )^[13]
echo %PATH% ({Win )^[14]

reboot the system/server

reboot (Linux )^[15]
shutdown -r (Win )^[16]

help for command

command --help or man command (Linux )
command /? (Win )

references

↑ /Y 不顯示覆寫現存目的檔案的確認提示。 (引用自 copy /? 命令說明)
↑ wget - Linux Command - Unix Command
↑
[OPTION]
- -r remove directories and their contents recursively;
- -f ignore nonexistent files, never prompt
(above content cited from linux documentation: rm --help)
↑ 鳥哥的 Linux 私房菜 -- Linux 的檔案權限與目錄配置
↑
[OPTION]
- -l use a long listing format
- -h, --human-readable; with -l, print sizes in human readable format (e.g., 1K 234M 2G) Quoted from linux man ls
↑ Tips For Linux - How to find files in Linux using 'find'
↑ How to find a file in MS-DOS.
↑ Windows equivilent to UNIX pwd - Stack Overflow
↑ 鳥哥的 Linux 私房菜 -- Linux 常用網路指令介紹
↑ bash: ifconfig: command not found 無法使用ifconfig指令？先加上 su -l指令
↑ Check which mpm (multi processing module) apache is running | Binary Tides
↑ 鳥哥的 Linux 私房菜 -- NTP 時間伺服器
↑ 鳥哥的 Linux 私房菜 -- 檔案與目錄管理 -- 關於執行檔路徑的變數： $PATH
↑ How to set the path in Microsoft Windows
↑ reboot - Linux Command - Unix Command
↑ Windows原來也有內建好用的關機軟體(Shutdown.exe) | ㊣軟體玩家