Linux commands

(1) alternative Linux commands to complete the same task, (2) The equivalent or similar commands between Windows and Linux system.

help for command: Type command --help or man command (Linux

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text file manipulation

display the first lines of text file

display the last few lines of text file

copy old directory to new directory

cp -a old_dir new_dir/ (Linux )
copy /Y old_dir new_dir/ (Win )^[1]
make new directory & copy all old files to new directory
- mkdir new_dir
- cp old_dir/* new_dir

download file from remote server

FTP
wget^[2]
SVN update su - www -c "svn up http://remote.svn.server/path/ /local/path/ --username=account --password=xxx"

delete files or directory

rm -rf /Name_of_directory (Linux )^[3]
del Name_of_directory (Win )
- After executed del Name_of_directory but the empty directory directory_name will be left.
- Command delete is not available in Win XP

list directory or files

find a file

find (Linux ) ex: find / -name filename Find the file which naming filename Under the path / (root folder) ^[5]
dir (Win ) ex: dir filename /s^[6] I have no idea to specify the file path to find the file.

show ip

ping

whois: search the information of domain (related: Domain Name Register)

check which mpm (multi processing module) apache is running
- httpd -l (Linux & Win ) ex: Linux /usr/local/httpd/bin/httpd -l or Win x:\apache\bin>httpd -l where x:\apache is the installation folder of apache ^[9]

reboot the system/server