Editing Troubleshooting of curl errors in Mandarin

[https://curl.haxx.se/ cUrl] 是在命令行或腳本中用來傳輸資料的工具。(來源：[https://curl.haxx.se/ cUrl 官網])（替代函式庫：(1) PHP 原生的 [https://www.php.net/manual/en/book.curl.php Client URL Library] (2) [https://packagist.org/packages/curl/curl PHP 的 cURL 類別] (3) [https://www.oracle.com/webfolder/technetwork/tutorials/obe/cloud/objectstorage/installing_cURL/installing_cURL_on_Cygwin_on_Windows.html 在 Windows 上透過 Cygwin 安裝 cUrl]

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: [[Image:Owl icon.jpg]] 如何除錯 cUrl 命令：(1) 啟用 [https://ec.haxx.se/usingcurl/verbose 詳細模式] 例如：「... 使用 {{kbd | key=<nowiki>-v</nowiki>}} / {{kbd | key=<nowiki>--verbose</nowiki>}} 選項執行命令以獲取更多資訊。」或 (2) 啟用 [https://ec.haxx.se/usingcurl/verbose/trace 追蹤選項] 例如：{{kbd | key=<nowiki>--trace-ascii [檔案名]</nowiki>}} 注意：如果同時啟用詳細模式和追蹤選項，詳細模式將覆蓋追蹤選項。

== 如何解決命令執行問題：在 DOS/終端機中可以運作，但在 PHP 中不運作 ==
手動在 DOS 或 Windows 終端機（如 [https://conemu.github.io/ ConEmu]) 中執行命令時可以運作，但透過 PHP 執行時可能不會產生預期的結果。常見的問題是命令沒有生成預期的檔案。

Windows 終端機的範例 cURL 命令
<pre>
curl "https://www.example.com/path/to/resource/" ^
-H "authority: www.example.com" ^
-H "accept: text/html" ^
--data-raw "PARAMS" --compressed > output.html
</pre>

解決方案：為 PHP 修訂的 cURL 命令
<pre>
curl "https://www.example.com/path/to/resource/" -H "authority: www.example.com" -H "accept: text/html" --data-raw "PARAMS" > output.html
</pre>

方案解釋
* '''Single Continuous String in PHP''': In PHP, when executing a shell command, avoid using the caret (^) for multi-line commands<ref>[https://stackoverflow.com/questions/69068/split-long-commands-in-multiple-lines-through-windows-batch-file/21000752#21000752 Split long commands in multiple lines through Windows batch file - Stack Overflow]</ref>, which is typical in the Command Prompt. Instead, ensure the command is one continuous string.
* '''Unsupported curl Options''': If you encounter an error like "curl: option --compressed: the installed libcurl version doesn't support this", it's a clear indication to remove or adjust the problematic option in the curl command.


== 如何解決 cUrl 錯誤 (#5): 不支援的代理語法 (Unsupported proxy syntax) ==
問題狀況：[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SOCKS socks5] 代理的使用者名稱包含 @ 符號，例如 {{kbd | key=<nowiki>bob@email.com</nowiki>}}

<pre>
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_PROXY, 'socks5://username:password@localhost:12345');
// result is ok

curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_PROXY, 'socks5://bob@email.com:password@localhost:12345');
// met cUrl error (#5): Unsupported proxy syntax
</pre>

解決方案
<pre>
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_PROXY, 'socks5://bob%40email.com:password@localhost:12345');
// result is ok
</pre>

可以使用 [https://www.urlencoder.org/ URL Encode and Decode - Online] 或 [https://www.php.net/manual/en/function.urlencode.php urlencode] 函數，跳脫 (Escape) 特殊符號<ref>[https://superuser.com/questions/937124/log-in-to-ftp-using-windows-explorer-with-in-the-username Log in to FTP using Windows Explorer with @ in the username - Super User]</ref>。

== 如何解決 cUrl 錯誤 (#56)：OpenSSL SSL_read: No error. ==
錯誤條件：Windows 上的 curl 版本 7.67.0 遇到問題。[curl_version](https://www.php.net/manual/en/function.curl-version.php) 返回的結果：
<pre>
version: Array
(
    [version_number] => 475904
    [age] => 5
    [features] => 2953117
    [ssl_version_number] => 0
    [version] => 7.67.0
    [host] => x86_64-pc-win32
    [ssl_version] => OpenSSL/1.1.1d
    [libz_version] => 1.2.11
)
</pre>

解決方案: 使用其他版本的 [https://curl.haxx.se/windows/ curl command] or curl on [https://www.cygwin.com/ Cygwin] or [https://packagist.org/packages/curl/curl cURL class for PHP].

相關文章
* [https://github.com/curl/curl/issues/4982 cURL error 56: OpenSSL SSL_read: No error information · Issue #4982 · curl/curl]

== 如何解決錯誤 405 Method Not Allowed ==

當我嘗試爬取網路資源但遇到錯誤訊息："錯誤 405 方法不允許"

解決方案：
* 確保使用正確的 HTTP 請求方法 e.g. {{kbd | key=GET}} 或 {{kbd | key=POST}} 來存取網路資源。

== 如何解決錯誤 415 Unsupported Media Type ==
當我嘗試 POST JSON（作為有效負載）但遇到錯誤訊息："錯誤 415 不支援的媒體類型"

解決方案：
* 設定 cUrl 的標頭 (header) {{kbd | key=<nowiki>Content-Type: application/json</nowiki>}} <ref>[https://stackoverflow.com/questions/11087872/php-curl-post-returns-a-415-unsupported-media-type PHP cURL POST returns a 415 - Unsupported Media Type - Stack Overflow]</ref>例如 cUrl 命令的語法如下：
<pre>
curl -X POST --header "Content-Type: application/json" --data '{"user" : "your_user_name", "token" : "your_token"}' "https://example.com/"
</pre>

== 如何解決 cURL 返回二進位資料，而非 html 或 json ==

* [https://stackoverflow.com/questions/28283822/curl-returns-binary-data-instead-of-html php - cURL returns binary data instead of html - Stack Overflow]
* [https://errerrors.blogspot.com/2020/06/resolve-curl-returns-binary-data-instead-of-html-or-json.html 解決 cUrl 下載的網頁或 JSON 看起來像是亂碼的問題]

== 如何解決下載的檔案是空的 ==
錯誤條件
* 當我執行了 Curl 命令 {{kbd | key=<nowiki>curl -O https://path/to/plain_text.txt</nowiki>}}，但下載的檔案是空的。
* 啟用 [https://ec.haxx.se/usingcurl/usingcurl-verbose 詳細模式] 後，發現了 HTTP 狀態碼 {{kbd | key=HTTP/1.1 302 Moved Temporarily}}。我添加了位置（[https://curl.haxx.se/docs/manpage.html#-L -L]）參數來解決下載的檔案是空的問題

<pre>
執行命令結果: curl -v -O https://path/to/plain_text.txt

< HTTP/1.1 302 Moved Temporarily
< Server: nginx
< Date: Tue, 25 Aug 2020 03:45:13 GMT
< Content-Type: text/html
< Transfer-Encoding: chunked
< Connection: keep-alive
< Keep-Alive: timeout=60
< Location: /path/to/plain_text.txt
</pre>

解決方案
<pre>
curl -L -O https://path/to/plain_text.txt
</pre>

== 如何解決錯誤：no matches found ==
錯誤條件
* 當我執行了 Curl 命令 {{kbd | key=<nowiki>curl http://website.test/http_status.php?case=500</nowiki>}}，但我遇到了錯誤訊息："zsh: 未找到匹配：<nowiki>http://website.test/http_status.php?case=500</nowiki>"

解決方案
* 雙引號包住 {{kbd | key=<nowiki>URL</nowiki>}} e.g. {{kbd | key=<nowiki>curl "http://website.test/http_status.php?case=500"</nowiki>}}

相關資料
* [https://medium.com/%E5%BD%BC%E5%BE%97%E6%BD%98%E7%9A%84-swift-ios-app-%E9%96%8B%E7%99%BC%E5%95%8F%E9%A1%8C%E8%A7%A3%E7%AD%94%E9%9B%86/%E7%82%BA%E4%BB%80%E9%BA%BC-mac-terminal-curl-%E6%8C%87%E4%BB%A4%E7%9A%84%E7%B6%B2%E5%9D%80%E9%80%9A%E5%B8%B8%E8%A6%81%E5%8A%A0%E9%9B%99%E5%BC%95%E8%99%9F-8c3e9227be34 為什麼 Mac terminal curl 指令的網址通常要加雙引號 - 彼得潘的 Swift iOS App 開發問題解答集 - Medium]
* Double quote the {{kbd | key=<nowiki>URL</nowiki>}} e.g. {{kbd | key=<nowiki>curl "http://website.test/http_status.php?case=500"</nowiki>}}

== 如何解決錯誤：Remote file name has no length ==

錯誤訊息
<pre>
curl -O "https://website.com/?p=123"
curl: Remote file name has no length
curl: (23) Failed writing received data to disk/application
</pre>

解決方案
<pre>
curl "https://website.com/?p=123" -o myfile.html 
</pre>

解決方案解釋
* 當你在下載檔案時遇到錯誤，可能是因為 URL 不包含檔案名稱，導致 `curl` 無法確定要保存檔案的名稱。解決方案是使用 `-o` 選項手動指定檔案名稱，例如，`curl -o myfile.html "https://website.com/?p=123"`。此外，確保你有足夠的磁碟空間並且在你有寫入權限的目錄中。


== 如何解決錯誤：zsh: parse error near `&' ==
錯誤狀況
<pre>
% curl -XPOST http://localhost:3000/ -H "Content-Type: application/json"  -d'{"url": "https://someweb.com/Today's_Biggest_Trends"}'
dquote>
</pre>

解決方案: 跳脫單引號，例如{{kbd | key=<nowiki>'</nowiki>}} 改成 {{kbd | key=<nowiki>''</nowiki>}} (單引號重複兩次)
<pre>
% curl -XPOST http://localhost:3000/ -H "Content-Type: application/json"  -d'{"url": "https://someweb.com/Today''s_Biggest_Trends"}'
</pre>

Trivial Solution {{exclaim}} '''NOT WORK''': single quote {{kbd | key=<nowiki>'</nowiki>}} became {{kbd | key=<nowiki>\'</nowiki>}}
<pre>
% curl -XPOST http://localhost:3000/ -H "Content-Type: application/json"  -d'{"url": "https://someweb.com/Today\'s_Biggest_Trends"}'
dquote>
</pre>

== 延伸閱讀 ==
* [https://ec.haxx.se/ Introduction - Everything curl]
* [https://curl.haxx.se/docs/manpage.html curl - How To Use]
* [https://stackoverflow.com/questions/32122586/curl-escape-single-quote bash - CURL escape single quote - Stack Overflow]

== References ==
<references />

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